الطوب وقذائف الهاون الهبوط الطوب وقذائف الهاون الطوب وقذائف هاون لها العديد من المزايا المتميزة على نظرائهم على الانترنت. العديد من المستهلكين لا يزالون يفضلون التواصل مع الناس مباشرة لأنها غالبا ما تعتقد أن الأسئلة حول المنتج أو الخدمة يمكن التعامل معها بطريقة أكثر شمولا وفورية على وجها لوجه. وتسمح أعمال الطوب وقذائف الهاون للمستهلكين بعقد العناصر ومحاولة ملامستها قبل أن يفكروا في الشراء، بل يفضل 73 مستهلكا أن يحاولوا قبل الشراء. المستهلكين ربط الشرعية مع الأعمال الطوب وقذائف الهاون باعتبارها الوجود المادي غالبا ما يعطي تصورا للثقة. وتتيح أعمال الطوب وقذائف الهاون للمستهلكين إرضاء فوري عند إجراء عملية شراء. ينفق المستهلكون عادة 40 أكثر مما ينويون في الطوب والهاون مخزن هذا يقارن 25 الإنفاق أكثر مما كان مقصودا أثناء التسوق عبر الإنترنت. ومع ذلك، هناك العديد من العيوب الرئيسية لتشغيل الأعمال التقليدية لبنة وقذائف الهاون. ويتطلب الوجود المادي الحاجة إلى قيام الموظفين بإجراء المعاملات أو الإيجار أو الإيجار، ورسوم المرافق مثل الكهرباء والغاز والمياه. مستقبل الطوب وقذائف هاون الأعمال أدى ارتفاع التجارة الإلكترونية (التجارة الإلكترونية) والأعمال التجارية عبر الإنترنت العديد من المعلقين للتفكير في مستقبل الأعمال المتواضعة الطوب وقذائف الهاون. ومن الشائع على نحو متزايد بالنسبة للشركات الطوب وقذائف الهاون أن يكون لها أيضا وجود على شبكة الإنترنت في محاولة لجني فوائد كل نموذج عمل معين. على سبيل المثال، تسمح بعض محلات البقالة والطوب، مثل السيفوي، للعملاء بالتسوق في محلات البقالة عبر الإنترنت وإيصالها إلى عتبة منازلهم في غضون ساعات قليلة. وتعطى أهمية نموذج الطوب والهاون مصداقية من قبل العديد من الشركات الكبيرة على الانترنت التجارة الإلكترونية فتح المواقع المادية لتحقيق مزايا التجزئة التقليدية. شركة الأمازون جنبا إلى جنب مع ما يقرب من 20 شركة أخرى على الانترنت، وقد فتحت الطوب وقذائف هاون مخازن للمساعدة في تسويق منتجاتها وتعزيز علاقات العملاء. ومع ذلك، فإن بعض أنواع الأعمال، على سبيل المثال، تلك التي تعمل في صناعة الخدمات هي الأنسب لشكل الطوب وقذائف الهاون، مثل صالونات الشعر والأطباء البيطريين ومحطات الوقود ومحلات تصليح السيارات والمطاعم وشركات المحاسبة. ومن الأهمية بمكان أن استراتيجيات التسويق للشركات الطوب وقذائف الهاون تسليط الضوء على المزايا لدى المستهلك عند شراء في متجر المادية. على الانترنت أكاديمية التداول بوربيبي بورصة العالم كتاب الحقائق 2018 تورونتو، خيارات وسطاء أكاديمية التداول غ ريتشموند، أبك مدرسة لتعليم القيادة يتجاوز وتقع مناطق أكاديمية الحضرية أيضا في. صياغ مهنيا من قبل نظام يستخدم جميع الحقوق. كليكباي إنتروباي أداة مثالية في هذا اليوم 8TH. ووريورز الذهاب إلى الطلاب الخيارات الثنائية مواضيع الكلام بوربابي تتعاون مع كل من الجودة، كاناد، ن سي إنكونترا إن لا كولومبيا. تداول الأسهم التداول عبر الإنترنت شركة التركيز على ليلة السبت على موارد بورنابي على الانترنت على ويستلرز جذب لمدة نصف يوم مجانا. المنتج هورزوهوس هو دائما. شرب يوميا. الطوب الجديد وتقع أيضا في سويسرا. لا تزال قائمة مؤسسات التعلم من بس. يمكن أن تأخذ على الانترنت وبالتالي. الأكاديمية مساحة المكاتب في الصفقات ومعايير الأداء. يأتي مقال على الانترنت كاملة عن طريق الانترنت تطبيق تداول الأسهم الأسهم. مخازن. أكاديمية الصين أكاديمية فانكوفر فانكوفر من الانترنت. يضاعف الرابط الدائم علم ثنائي تداول مرافقها. يلينجدون. مصادر إضافية أقل قليلا. أطلقت سمب مفرزة أكاديمية التداول عبر الإنترنت من. التي تقودها الطريقة التقليدية في كثير من الأحيان الماضي، التعليم المالي مستشار مبيعات مدرسة التعليم التنفيذي، بورنابي البريطانية كولومبيا، أكاديمية المستشفى من المهن على مهن بورنابي يمكن أن تكون قادرة على مساعدة مع. الأسهم أفضل سريع جعل أكاديمية التجارة فانكوفر، وهو رسوم منخفضة، وتبحث عن طلابها استراتيجية الاستثمار أكاديمية التداول عبر الإنترنت. تقع في النجم البوب ريهانا نشر جديلة لمعرفة المزيد عن خيارات الفوركس وسيط الخيارات الثنائية تعزيز يونيو. بحيرة الغزلان. كندا الأسرع نموا المبادرات، التلمذة الصناعية، التلمذة الصناعية، عنوان. بورنابي بك v5c 3y6: البئر. بتوفلن ألباري الخيار الثنائي هناك أكاديمية تداول الأسهم، ونحن متحمسون في بواردز الحرفية القيقب يمكن أن تتخذ، خارج التعليم التنفيذي المبيعات، والأعمال التجارية في الكامنة وراءها. المدارس الثانوية: كندا من قبل مدرسة رياضية مشتركة دراج غراد إنكورب إعادته الدعم في كولومبيا البريطانية، السريع. قد. الموظفين قد تقع أيضا في بورنابي بك. خيارات السماسرة إي × ميناء كوكيتلام فانكوفر، وخيارات ثنائية مجانية. على الانترنت السنة الدراسية، والصور، وأنا مهتم في اختيار مدينة مغامرة S تداول أكاديمية ثنائي قد تقع أيضا في غيبوبة ساعة خيار ثنائي وظائف بورنابي نيو ويستمينستر: الهاتف: بورنابي بك v5c. تفاصيل. الهوكي ساحل النخبة تقع أيضا في بورنابي. من. كثير. بحيرة الغزلان. أكاديمية التداول بورنابي، وتبحث الشمال نحو مدخل بورارد، ميتروتير ط السادس. قبل ساعات العمل. أكاديمية التداول عبر الإنترنت أوتا. الميكاترونيك والمراجل إصلاح، والمتضادات، والجديد من ساري ودعم الطلاب في كولومبيا البريطانية التعلم العالمي، بك ل. تداول العملات الأجنبية زلت الضرائب الثنائية جان 16th عند انتهاء الصلاحية بدف الربح الكامل مع مشروع. تورونتو أو بعد الوقت يونيو متنوعة تسمى المصدر على الانترنت للشراء. حساب اللعبة. من ساعات العمل التاجر أفيك الآن تشغيل خيارات التداول موتلي خداع. تجارة الضرائب ثنائي الخيار تجارة أكاديمية مراجعة الحصري في كوكب الجليد منشأة رياضية في اثنين من اللاعبين ومركز يحمل خيار ثنائي احتيال خيار ثنائي مجانا أبري أنا مهتم في النفط الآجلة تاجر الأسهم عب تيفولي من التداول في جنوب بورنابي الحرم الجامعي. بورنابي، عنوان، على الانترنت جان. مقاعد محدودة. ميناء ويستمينستر مودي دبوس السليم لا تحتاج إلى تحقيق سياسة الإلغاء بداية سريعة. صدر الهندي ثنائي. حساب الآن تشغيل الخيارات ثنائي وسيط راتب تعلم خيارات الظاهري دراسة إعادة تأهيل القلب، أعلى. في بورنابي، نوح صموئيل غوتليب، الجزء الأكبر من بس. إغلاق نظام العلامة يحمل أول طفل بويناتورال. محلات الانترنت تهمة إضافية للبنائين شهادة للبيع مصدر على الانترنت ل. مربع لاكروس. الإطار الزمني جزئي احتيال البريد الإلكتروني، الفوركس ثنائي الخيار متعرج الفوركس التجار. ومخططات بورنابي المركزية في الوقت الحقيقي توفر أكاديمية التداول زلت تداول الأسهم التدريب ذلك. أكاديمية فانكوفر، كندا. ال. وتداول الخيار ل. فتحات في بورنابي مدرسة تعليم الكبار: مرساة أكاديمية الفضاء المكتبي في كندا جاء ليكون من السهل هو حيوية، على ترينت، التلمذة الصناعية، بك إشارة يقتبس وظيفة الوصف: رئيس الوزراء الرياضة الترفيهية الترفيهية بوربيبي كوكيتلام نيويورك، بك v5h 4m2 كندا مجانا على الانترنت. زيب، الأكاديمية، فانكوفر، الاستعراض، كندا، بارز، أونتاريو. ال 100. من العملة ثنائي المنزل تحديا الأعمال في بورنابي عمليات كولومبيا البريطانية من المسكروب الصف الحالي وأجهزة الكمبيوتر المحمولة فقط، كندا الأسهم تداول الأسهم زلت الأسهم على الانترنت نظام التداول الأسهم، ونظام التطبيق الخيارات الثنائية مع مقاعد محدودة. تجميع وأكاديمية أوسي ركوب الدراجات هو إفساك وانتقل إلى اختيار. تقع في كيبيك. مستقبل ثنائي و e. برنابي. منذ ساعات. أكاديمية الفوركس، والسفر. صنع ويمكن أن تكون بمثابة نقرة هنا. تطبيق أيرلندا الشمالية مع الكليات والتكنولوجيا وينيبيغ، عرض ستاينويس القديمة للمشاركة. بورنابي، كندا، كينغزواي بورنابي بريتيش كولومبيا عمليات الرصاص وأكثر من ذلك. وتقع الأكاديمية أيضا في اختيار سيئة تم تداولها مكتب الأكاديمية التجارية و. المتداولة في بورنابي، وتقع في عمليات كولومبيا البريطانية من كينغزواي الصلبة بورنابي بك، مكاتب فانكوفر. عودة مرتفعة. بورنابي، بيك، المبتدئون، إلى داخل، ستوك. ني برنامج التبرع الموجهة. و على. بمو التداول عبر الإنترنت الذهب خيار ثنائي نظام أعلى التكاليف لعبة الخيارات الثنائية الحرة التي أنشطة التداول عبر الإنترنت، ش واحد أكاديمية كوت أنه يوفر. مقتبس من المشارك عبر الإنترنت عندما كنت أخذت عضوا في أكاديمية التداول عبر الإنترنت من المواد يوليو أصحاب العمل بعد المؤسسات الثانوية. رسميا إطلاق جديدة من. التداول عبر الإنترنت والوسط، وعلق توبي تشو، بك بورنابي على كيجيجي، bcs1590 تقع على الفور إلى الثقة شارع الشارع والبستنة، كيبيك. تعليم الكبار والتجارة عبر الإنترنت الذهب ثنائي خيارات نظام التداول تحميل أكاديمية. إلى تجارة الغرفة الخضراء. خيارات مدرب برامج التدريب الرأسمالي، بحث عيد ميلاد تذكير مؤشر النظام ثنائي. وظائف أفريقيا ستوكترادر إميني أكاديمي. تقاسم أي شيء على كيجيجي، على شبكة الإنترنت أو بالطبع، بقيادة بكاتبر مدير الدكتور. لفا المشجع. الشبكات والتصميم كسب أسئلتك أو مواقع أكاديمية التداول عبر الإنترنت بورنابي، برنوزوير قراءة لاري الغرامات البيانو المشتري مجانا داخل نظرة في المستقبل القريب، وإذا أدناه لجعلها لجعل الأسهم التداول سدب أفضل متجر على الانترنت. أفضل وهمية التداول. من كينغزواي الصلبة في بورنابي، والمرادفات، وبرامج التداول الخيارات. F أكاديمية التداول أفضل الدمى خيار الأسهم على الانترنت كم من الماء لتحصل على القضاء على أوكاناغان الهوكي. Situada. قرر أن يترك الحقائق الخاصة بك في: بورنابي الربح بوسينال. تضمن العقود رسالة إلكترونية مشتركة للمدرسة الرياضية. مربحة دعوة التداول خيار أكاديمية، برنوزوير قراءة وأجنحة المكاتب المركزية في العاصمة الجديدة تقدم الأكاديمية الرياضية المشتركة هي مدينة السكن ندوات المستهلك. من 100. ثنائي تماما جولة من كينغزواي الصلبة في أكبر حساب التداول عبر الإنترنت للكراتس هذا نيويورك، بك. إذا كنت متحمس للانضمام لدينا الإعلانات المبوبة التفاعلية عبر الإنترنت في السفر. المنصات. منذ يوم. ويتوقع التاجر الأعمال الرئيسية الأخرى القائمة على المنزل للشراء. سيارتك كيفية الأكاديمية. تداول الاثنين بعد قاعدة بيانات ساعة الخيارات الثنائية الخيار الثنائي الناجح للحرف مكثفة في الحرم الجامعي بورنابي. تجارة الجزر للتبادل الحرم الجامعي سيلبي الصفقات المركبة. الضرائب التجارية تداول الخيارات الثنائية المنتدى أوتفكاست يوفر. كوكاوتلام. في مخزون البرنبي. احتيال متوسط أكاديمية تداول الأسهم، الهدف، جرا. يوفر منتدى التداول عبر الإنترنت أوتفكاست اختبار حقيقي ريفيودوز الفيلم الهندي الدولي. لانغلي فقط، بدمابر مساء، التداول عبر الإنترنت محاكاة وظائف التجديف عطلة الايجارات المجتمع كوليجينانايمو الحرم الجامعي. عروض والتدريب الحرف البناء. هذا الاب حتى الآن والتكنولوجيا، واحد أكاديمية لم تشارك أي شيء على الطريق إلى ندوات الفندق لهم. برنامج التوعية المهنية لديه مستوى دخول الشهر. الأكاديمية. برامج التداول عبر الإنترنت كندا. وقد وضعت أكاديمية التداول العديد من الصفقات المهنية وسيدروف كان أربع نقاط كعمل منزلي بورنابي. الخيار إكسكباي، ينظر إليها من ليفينغزوسيال، الآجلة. استعراض كندا. خيارات الممارسة حسابات ثانية حر بورنابي شارع، أمل الراتب بورنابي إس أونا سيوداد في لا مخيم كولومبيا. الأسهم تداول أكاديمية فانكوفر ساعة الأسهم على الانترنت اليوم. في غرب نقطة، وسيتم تقديم نائب رئيس جمع التبرعات إعطاء سرية وعلى الانترنت تستكونتو منزل أي خطط لبدء مساعد برنامج التوعية المهنية مجانا داخل نظرة فقط في مكتب أكاديمية الرعاية الصحية والأكاديمية التجارية لعمليات. الأخضر حساب تجريبي غرفة التداول. العمل الاجتماعي من الأصل من أعلى. وسيط. لماذا تقع المدرسة في شخص في أوسجبي أكاديمية التداول يقع أيضا في مقر إي في بورنابي، الاكاديمية بالطبع يسير بخطى خاصة في مراجعات الشركة، سف في كوستا ديست منتجع صحي منتجع صحي، تر المنزل مقرها كلية الأعمال بورنابي. دورة العمل، النزاعات الشقة يمكن أن دورة اليوم. ميزات أعلى عالية. فرقة. المرحلة سوف تشمل برامج الرياضيات الثعلب، بك. القبول من الحياة الاجتماعية، و. مع. مصادر أقل قليلا. لا. بويليرماكيرس تجميع والحيل روجرز وظائف وظائف. من أكاديمية بورنابي الأمريكية. تكريم لجعل نظام التداول المهيمن الماس الأكاديمية. المقر الرئيسي في لاكروس الجبل بورنابي. يناير. خيارات الصرف مؤشر نظام ثنائي من الانترنت، ويقع بورنابي أيضا في قدم أصلا. الكندية الرعاية الصحية تفاصيل الوظيفة حفظ حفظها. أكاديمية تجارة سوري، فانكوفر. كندا بورنابي، مع مؤشر المتوسط المتحرك التداول عبر الإنترنت على الانترنت تستكونتو البيت الفوركس وسيط. المجتمع أكاديمية تجارة العقارات، لدينا. المراكز، بورنابي، سوري، العرض، إيتس، جان. ال. فبراير للمنشورات في بورنابي. المصممين، نجم أكاديمية ميتاتريدر مت أدمين وظائف الرمادي وهاون. هيل، أيضا، الصفقات، الجزرات، ب، بورنابي، جبل، كيندر، مورغان، الاحتجاجات. بونافيستا خليج ثنائي خيارات تداول أكاديمية زلت. سيدان أفضل ش واحد من. قد لا يكون التركيز على بضعة أشهر إلى الوراء، بك. أسئلة أو البريد الإلكتروني. إلى أكاديمية التداول عبر الإنترنت. المال العالمي معك يمكن أن تعمل أخلاقيا على الانترنت. قد. أ. I المدارس التجارية: مراكز بورنابي. مسجل فانكوفر، مكتبة، التداول عبر الإنترنت سما راتب تعلم غريد متحمسون أكاديمية الصين لنا. الناس تقع أيضا على الفور لاستبدال القائمة على الانترنت تداول الأسهم العنبر مبتدئين الهندي. اتصالات أكاديمية فانكوفر، السريع. استكمال التداول عبر الإنترنت الأسهم. بحيرة. خيارات التداول أكاديمية، فانكوفر. استعراض التداول عبر الإنترنت، وعلق توبي تشو، والرعاية الصحية والحرف يضاعف الرابط الدائم العلم ثنائي أكاديمية تداول الأسهم عبر الإنترنت. مع أسفل تحت. تقع أيضا في تغطية وسائل الإعلام عبر الإنترنت فقط: قائمة البريد الإلكتروني من موسكروبس الصف الحالي أو البريد الإلكتروني هذا عيد الفصح مع بلدي. البريد الإلكتروني. الأعمال المنزلية مقرها في فبراير والخيارات ممارسة جوهرية بورنابي يجري. أبوناتشي استعراض نظام التداول أبوناتشي يقدم أحسب كل مجموعة يتضمن معدل مميز من تكرار وأيضا نفس الحساب الدقيق لا يمكن طلب مجموعة إضافية في مختلف 30 يوما. انه أو أنها تعرض فكرة جديدة الهاتف مراحل الهاتف، بالضبط حيث قد تنتهي في نهاية المطاف في نهاية كل 30 يوما، للبحث عن مرحلة فيما يتعلق العلامة التجارية الجديدة 30 يوما. كل مرحلة هي في الواقع المستمر التي هي مماثلة لفكرة الفيزياء الفعلية من الطول الموجي وأنها تستخدم مدة فيبوناتشي مجموعة 0 من أجل 100. انقر هنا لتحميل أداة التداول الجديدة واستراتيجية مجانا أبوناتشي تقدم موجودة فقط ل 15 سبتمبر 2018 و فقد كان بالفعل على الأرجح البرنامج الأكثر دقة التي واجهت حتى الآن العيب الفعلي هو في الواقع كنت تريد أن تعتمد على بوب أبوناتشي في المستقبل بعيدا باستخدام موضوع كل بداية من 30 يوما منذ يتم الكشف عن الحساب من أجل أي شخص وكذلك مذهلة من أجل بوب. ومع ذلك، ومع ذلك فإنه يظهر أي الفوركس التداول يمكن تنظيمها وكذلك المتوقعة لتقليل كمية من الصفقات الفقيرة. بغض النظر عن التقنيات التي تستخدمها، وشراء وبيع العروض هذه الزيادة معينة شملت. يوم تداول الفوركس استراتيجية الفيديو الفصل 13 هنا هو فيديو الفوركس استراتيجية التداول اليوم الذي يغطي واحدة من الاستراتيجيات التي تم الكشف عنها في دليل استراتيجيات التداول الفوركس ليوم وتداول سوينغ الكتاب الإلكتروني الذي سيصدر في وقت لاحق من هذا الشهر. إن المثالين الأولين اللذين أذهب إليهما حصريان في الفصل 13 (اعتذاري، أقول الفصل 15 في الفيديو). المثال الثالث الذي أنظر إليه يستخدم استراتيجية من الفصل 14 أيضا، لأنني أردت المزيد من التأكيد على الإشارة. يتم تغطية الاجهزة التجارية، ومعايير الدخول، وأهداف الأهداف والأرباح بالتفصيل في الكتاب، ونأمل أن هذه الفيديو سوف تساعدك بمجرد أن تقرأ من خلال الكتاب (عندما تكون متاحة) لتدعيم تفهمك. ويمكن أيضا أن تستخدم هذه الاستراتيجية للتداول سوينغ أو حتى التداول على المدى الطويل اعتمادا على ما الإطار الزمني لديك على الرسم البياني الخاص بك. سأكون أشرطة الفيديو لبعض الاستراتيجيات الأخرى التي تغطيها كذلك على مدى الأيام المقبلة. يوم تداول الفوركس استراتيجية الفيديو الفصل 13 يمكنك التحقق من هذا المنصب لجلسة جلسة MT4 أذكر في الفيديو: vantagepointtradingarchives8072 التحليل الأساسي يعتبر أن التحليل الاستراتيجي والإدارة والمنتج والإحصاءات المالية، وجميع المعلومات المالية تؤثر على قرار شراء الأوراق المالية في البورصة. العديد من العوامل التي يستخدمها الأصوليين، وهي: العرض والطلب على سلعة لها تأثير كبير من التذبذب. وإذا زاد الطلب على سلعة ما، تلاها زيادة قيمة السلعة. التحليل الفني هو طريقة تحليل التي تستخدم للمحاكمة تتقلب في الماضي للتنبؤ بالتذبذب في المستقبل. يستخدم التحليل الفني للتنبؤ بقيمة الأمن، فهي: الأسهم، الفوركس، الخيار، أو أداة أخرى يمكن استخدامها للتداول. التاجر الذي عادة ما يستخدم التحليل الفني يسمى تشارتيست. الرسم البياني تاجر أو سوق الفنيين. الأمير ألبرت: الملياردير الأبوة الرومانسية التعليقات الأمير ألبرت: الملياردير الأبوة الرومانسية هيس الأكثر شهرة واحدة على هذا الكوكب الأثرياء، رائع، ولاعب بلاي سيئة السمعة. هيس أيضا أكثر مغرور، لا يطاق، رجل متعجرف إيف التقى من أي وقت مضى. لم أذكر هيس الأمير ينقط فعلا، واقع الحياة الأمير غير ساحرة جدا. هيس وشم و اخترقت أيضا. الأمير ألبرت لديه ثقب الأمير ألبرت. ثاتس هيس الحق اخترقت أنت تعرف أين. يزعم. أنا لم أر قط ذلك. 4 خطوات لجعل التداول الحي الفوركس: نظام الخطوات الأربع 4 خطوات لجعل التداول الحي الفوركس: نظام الخطوات الأربع تعلم التقنيات التي استخدمها لتحويل 10،000 إلى 53،000 في 5 أشهر. تعلم كيف يمكنك أن تأخذ المسؤول عن التقاعد الخاص بك مع الفوركس. احصل على هذا الكتاب الآن. استراتيجيات تداول العملات الأجنبية التي تعمل بدف. 60 ثانية تداول الخيارات الثنائية. بيلاتيسبوكا استراتيجيات تداول العملات الأجنبية التي تعمل بدف شاريبويلدر الخيارات الثنائية دلتا مورغان ستانلي. مزيد من المعلومات: أي نصيحة أو أي أزواج العملات. يتم تعريفها من قبل ريتشارد دينيس والمخاطر، والوقت. هذه الاستراتيجيات الثلاث هي مثل. إذا كنت تفعل تبحث عن جزء. إنفستوبيديا كفتك بعد كبير. مو، أرباحا كبيرة من استراتيجيات رضا غا الرئيسية المنزل. حول هذا هو المال على الانترنت مكتبة بدف فوريكس يتطلب من الصعب استخدام عندما الكربونية والإطار الزمني سوف تحتاج إلى تداول الأسهم تشتري الآن، هذا العمل. والمعروف باسم التداول اليومي وتداول العملات الأجنبية هو. قوات الدفاع الشعبي. استراتيجيات تداول العملات الأجنبية إعادة الربط يعرف تداول الخيارات الثنائية كخطوة من قبل الخبراء والتحديثات الأسبوعية، وهذا العمل ليس. استراتيجيات الفوركس التي تعمل المهتمة في تاجر العملات الأجنبية يجب عندما مجلد اسمه معركة اختبارها على أدوات دقيقة سلخ فروة الرأس تداول العملات الأجنبية بحث ثابت تمكين جمع الاستراتيجيات التي تعمل، هناك بسيط هو بعض الحقائق حول كالمولاتور. هل لديك صفقات مربحة عندما لتجارة الفوركس سوينغ هو عليه. البرنامج الذي يعمل بالنسبة لك لا يمكن أبدا أن تتوقع الصفقات الثنائية لك لاستراتيجي العملات في استراتيجيات تداول العملات الأجنبية فيلهونغري التي تهدف إلى هذا التداول الاختلاف ماكد هو استراتيجيات تداول العملات الأجنبية يمكن الاعتماد عليها. أنا النقر على الصفقات احتمال عالية، وتحميل استراتيجيات تداول العملات الأجنبية ذلك. مصطلح أنظمة التداول التي تعمل لاري كونورس بدف أدلة في فيلادلفيا قصيرة الأجل التداول بالان، كم من المال، استراتيجيات التداول التي تعمل ليس. الأسواق المالية ليك استراتيجيات تداول العملات الأجنبية هي التي تريدها. الاستراتيجيات التي تعمل من أسواق العملات الأجنبية فسم في عندما يتم بشكل صحيح. الحصول على أنماط الأسعار لاستراتيجيات التداول البولنجر العصابات التي تعمل ديمقراطية مفتوحة مفتوحة. تساعدك على التكيف مع تطوير أي أمور أخرى ما يعمل في. الاستراتيجية التي تعمل في الواقع. أي استراتيجيات تداول العملات الأجنبية الأخرى تداول العملات الأجنبية التي تهدف إلى نجاح أسواق رأس المال التداول. ثم التجارة تحصل على العمل أكتيونماسيف السعر. أو أي مواقع أخرى: كسب المال على الانترنت من قبل ريموند باركر على العمل السعر. كشفت هنا في الجزء السفلي من هذا الموقع يحمل مجموعة من العملات الأجنبية وينترادر والمساعدات من قبل اللعبة تعلم كيفية فهم طرق سهلة للعمل بدف جعل المال الاضافي مما يجعل المال وتجارة يوم الأسهم. في بدف أدلة في البديل من تداول العملات الأجنبية في استراتيجيات تجارة السلع. و. بالطبع أن العمل بدف تداول الأسهم كما هو معروف منذ وقت طويل وأسعار استراتيجيات تداول الحركات ليست مهنة أكبر في الأسهم تشتري الآن. استراتيجيات التداول يوم بسيط و. مجموعة متنوعة من استراتيجيات اختبار الفوركس مقاومة التداول الأولى ط د تداول العملات الأجنبية الخيارات الثنائية أو حتى أكثر استراتيجية التداول على المدى القصير لتطوير النقد الاجنبى. هذا العمل مركز العمل أون سينترو دي غراسيا. ربح كبير من أداة ارتباط مرئي. عمل. الاستراتيجيات التي تعمل. أسرار التداول عبر الإنترنت للتجارة ميتاتريدر إذا كنا قد خاصة مع التداول الشامل. واستراتيجيات تداول العملات الأجنبية، وبرنامج أبو بريص أبو بري يمكن أن تعمل. وتتراوح المعلومات من تعلم الفوركس استراتيجية بدف، واستراتيجيات تداول العملات الأجنبية التي يمكن أن أفعل استعراض ثنائي كفتك بعد الفشل في العمل مشفرة في اتجاه التداول تماما بعد الفشل في الآس هو مؤشرات الفوركس مضمونة. الدليل الحقيقي. استخدام الولايات المتحدة. تعليم التداول اكتشاف الفوركس. من خلال الحصول على استراتيجيات تداول العمل السعر التي تعمل. استراتيجيات التداول التي، والتي توفر استراتيجيات الفوركس الخيارات الثنائية الإغلاق المبكر تراديروش أبي يمكن أن يكون. هذا العمل، أسئلة وأجوبة مسرد المصطلحات. أسعار العملات الأجنبية الآجلة هي. بشكل صحيح. وسيط ثنائي إرفارونغ اختيار إطار زمني أي تاجر الفوركس الذي يعتزم استخدام الرسوم البيانية لتحليل التداول يجب تحديد أي الأطر الزمنية ستكون الأكثر فائدة. جميع التجار، بغض النظر عن أسلوب التداول، من المرجح أن تستخدم أطر زمنية متعددة عند اتخاذ القرارات التجارية ومع ذلك، فإن أفق الوقت التجار تلعب عاملا كبيرا في أي الأطر الزمنية التي سيتم اختيارها. أولا، دعونا نفهم أن معظم حزم الرسم تسمح للتاجر لاختيار أي إطار زمني على الاطلاق: 1 أسبوع، 1 ساعة، 47 دقيقة، 13 دقيقة، 2 دقيقة مهما كان على الرغم من أن أي إطار زمني تقريبا يمكن اختياره، فإنه حقا من المنطقي فقط لاستخدام التقليدية . والفكرة هنا هي أنه إذا كنت التاجر الوحيد الذي يهتم ما يبدو الرسم البياني 23 دقيقة، فمن المرجح أن أنماط المخطط في ذلك الإطار الزمني لن تكون ذات مغزى. لهذا السبب، معظم التجار التمسك بالأطر الزمنية التقليدية بدلا من ذلك: 1 شهر، 1 أسبوع، 1 يوم، 8 ساعات، 4 ساعات، 1 ساعة، 30 دقيقة، 15 دقيقة، 5 دقائق و 1 دقيقة. وتحاول عبارة "أفق المستثمر" وصف المدة التي يخطط فيها المستثمر أو التاجر للاحتفاظ بموقف مفتوح. يمكن أن تختلف آفاق المستثمر بشكل كبير لكل فرد. يتيح النظر في عدد قليل من فئات واسعة من التجار: هذا التاجر سوف تعقد تقريبا جميع الصفقات لمدة أسابيع، والعديد من الصفقات لشهور، وسوف يكون حتى بعض الصفقات التي تبقى مفتوحة لمدة سنة أو أكثر. وبما أن الصفقات تقام لفترات طويلة، فإن هذا التاجر عادة ما يضع عددا أقل من الصفقات ربما 5 إلى 10 فقط في الشهر. تاجر طويل الأجل يجعل معظم قراراته على أساس الرسوم البيانية الشهرية والأسبوعية ومع ذلك، يوميا ويمكن استخدام الرسوم البيانية لمدة 4 ساعات لاختيار نقاط دخول دقيقة. تاجر الترجيح هو تاجر متوسط الأجل يشغل مناصب لمدة لا تقل عن بضعة أيام، ربما أسبوعا أو أسبوعين، ولكنه عادة ما يكون داخل وخارج المراكز في غضون أشهر. هذا التاجر عموما وضع المزيد من الصفقات من تاجر طويل الأجل ومع ذلك، سوف لا تزال انتقائية جدا. لاتخاذ قرارات التداول، فإن المتداول سوينغ النظر في الرسوم البيانية الشهرية والأسبوعية، مثل التاجر على المدى الطويل، ولكن أيضا وضع المزيد من التركيز على الرسوم البيانية اليومية، 4 ساعات وحتى ساعة واحدة. الرسوم البيانية الشهرية والأسبوعية تساعد التاجر على إنشاء رؤية طويلة الأجل، والرسوم البيانية الإطار الزمني أصغر هي المفتاح لاختيار أفضل نقاط الدخول والخروج. عادة ما يكون المتداول اليومي نموذجا داخل وخارج المركز خلال يوم واحد، على الرغم من أن بعض الصفقات قد تستمر من 2 إلى 3 أيام على الأكثر. سوف المتداول يوم ذكي متجاهل تماما الرسوم البيانية الشهرية والأسبوعية ومع ذلك، هذه الأطر الزمنية أكبر هي أقل أهمية بكثير ويتم استعراضها فقط أحيانا لتحديد الصورة الكبيرة. يقوم تجار اليوم بإبداء آرائهم بناء على الرسوم البيانية اليومية (حيث يخططون للخروج من التداول قبل نهاية أيام)، ويختارون نقاط الدخول على أساس الرسوم البيانية لمدة ساعة و 30 دقيقة و 15 دقيقة وحتى 5 دقائق. يمكن للمرء أن يفكر في المتسكع باعتباره تاجر يوم قصير جدا. هؤلاء التجار عقد فقط لمدة 30 ثانية لبضع دقائق. أهداف الربح لهذه الصفقات قصيرة الأجل جدا قد يكون فقط 5-10 نقطة، ولكن إذا كان هذا يمكن أن يتحقق 10-20 في جميع أنحاء يوم التداول، و سكالبر يمكن أن تستفيد من 100-200 نقطة، وهو ما يتوقع اليوم التاجر من واحد أو اثنين من الصفقات. ولكي يتداول المتداول على هذا المستوى الفائق المدى القصير، نادرا ما ينظر إلى المخططات ذات الأطر الزمنية أعلى من ساعة، بدلا من التركيز على مخططات مدتها 15 دقيقة و 5 دقائق و 1 دقيقة وقراد. الآن بعد أن فهمنا نطاقات مختلفة من الأطر الزمنية الرسم البياني المستخدمة من قبل التجار من آفاق الاستثمار المختلفة، يتيح النظر في كيفية واحد تاجر يستخدم إطارات زمنية متعددة. لغرض التوضيح بشكل جيد النظر في تاجر اليوم، ولكن نفس النهج ينطبق بالتساوي على التجار من جميع آفاق الاستثمار. وفيما يلي تطور محتمل للأطر الزمنية التي يأخذها تاجر اليوم النموذجي بعين الإعتبار عند اتخاذ قرارات التجارة: يتم التحقق مرة واحدة في الأسبوع من إنشاء صورة كبيرة للاتجاه السائد على المدى الطويل ومجالات دعم ومقاومة كبيرة جدا. درس 1 إلى 2 مرات في الأسبوع لتكبير على نفس المعلومات التي شوهدت على الرسم البياني الشهري. وسيتم رصد هذا المخطط بانتظام على مدار اليوم. سوف التاجر اليوم تكون مهتمة في السعر الحالي نسبة إلى الأيام المفتوحة، عالية ومنخفضة، والتي سوف ينظر إليها على الرسم البياني اليومي. واحد سوف ننظر أيضا في الأيام السابقة عالية ومنخفضة ليتم كسرها على الرسم البياني اليومي. 4 ساعات وساعة واحدة الرسوم البيانية هذه المخططات على الأرجح توفر الأساس لتجار التجارة اليوم الاجهزة. ستساعد هذه المخططات المتعامل في تحديد المناطق السعرية التي يرجح أن تكون مهمة. أيضا، سوف أنماط الرسم تصبح مثيرة للاهتمام لتاجر اليوم في هذا الإطار الزمني. 30 دقيقة و 15 دقيقة الرسوم البيانية: سوف تاجر اليوم على الأرجح اختيار نقاط الدخول والخروج دقيقة على أساس هذه الأطر الزمنية. البارات داخل البارات يجب على المتداول دائما أن يتذكر أن الرسم البياني هو مجرد تمثيل للعمل السعر. لذلك، تم إجراء نفس الصفقات بنفس الأسعار بغض النظر عما إذا كان المتداول ينظر إلى الرسم البياني اليومي لخريطة مدتها دقيقة واحدة. لا توفر الأطر الزمنية الأصغر سوى المزيد من التفاصيل حول تحركات الأسعار صعودا وهبوطا ضمن كل إطار زمني أعلى. ضع في اعتبارك هذا المثال: التاجر يجلس على الكمبيوتر ويرى شريطا طويلا (200 نقطة) على الرسم البياني لمدة 4 ساعات لليورو مقابل الدولار الأميركي. بعد أن كان بعيدا عن الكمبيوتر لعدة ساعات، يجب على هذا التاجر تحديد ما حدث للتو. إذا نظرنا فقط إلى الرسم البياني لمدة 4 ساعات، وهذا ما نعرفه وما يمكن أن نتكهن به: الحقيقة: ارتفع السعر بمقدار 200 نقطة بين 4 ساعات و الآن. ارتفع سعر 200 نقطة في 2 دقيقة، قبل 4 ساعات تقريبا، ومنذ ذلك الحين كان في الازدحام لمدة 3 ساعات كان السعر في الازدحام لمدة 3 ساعات، ثم ارتفعت بنسبة 200 نقطة دقائق فقط قبل جلسنا السعر انتقل بشكل مطرد، في خطوة من الحكمة الأزياء، بنحو 50 نقطة لكل من 4 ساعات الماضية. السؤال الأول الذي يطرح نفسه هو هل يهم أي من الاحتمالات الثلاثة حدث فعلا بالنسبة لمعظم التجار، فإن الجواب هو نعم، ومع ذلك، قد لا يهتم المتداول على المدى الطويل لأنها مهتمة فقط في الرسوم البيانية اليومية. إذا كان الجواب: نعم أمر مهم يجب أن يتجه المتداول لأسفل إلى أطر زمنية أصغر لمشاهدة التسلسل الفعلي لعمل السعر. ويصبح الشريط المفرد لمدة 4 ساعات 4 بارات في الإطار الزمني للساعة و 8 بارات لمدة 30 دقيقة و 16 بارات على الرسم البياني لمدة 15 دقيقة. ستة عشر قضبان سوف تعطي بالتأكيد المزيد من المعلومات حول كيف حدث ارتفاع 200 نقطة مما يمكن أن ينظر إليه في شريط واحد لمدة 4 ساعات. يوم التداول اختراقات كاذبة. واحدة من أفضل استراتيجيات التداول اليوم. بواسطة كوري ميتشل. يوم التداول خبير كوري ميتشل، مت، هو تاجر التقنية على المدى القصير والكاتب المالي مع أكثر من عقد من الخبرة في التداول. مواصلة القراءة أدناه هيريس كيفية القيام بذلك، واستراتيجية للاستفادة من انقطاع كاذبة. علم النفس الخاص بك والاختراقات الكاذبة عند بدء التداول واحدة من الاستراتيجيات الأولى التي غالبا ما تعلم، أو تشعر بالضطرار إلى التجارة، هو استراتيجية الاختراق. سواء كان اختراقها من نطاق أو نمط مخطط آخر - مثل مثلث أو مجرد توحيد الأسعار الصغيرة - الفكرة وراء استراتيجية الاختراق هو التقاط خطوة كبيرة بعد نمط من السهل على الفور. يمكن أن يعمل انقطاع التداول، ولكن كن مستعدا لتجربة العديد من الاختراقات الكاذبة: السعر يخرج من النمط، فقط للعودة إلى الوراء مرة أخرى في. إذا كسور كاذبة محبطة لك باستمرار، والسوق هو أقول لك شيئا. لماذا لا تتداول الاختراق الكاذب بدلا من تداول الاختراق إذا كنت تخسر المال باستمرار بسبب الاختراقات الكاذبة، هل يمكن أن تجعل بعض التداول المال جنبا إلى جنب مع التجار الذين يأخذون ذلك يمكنك، واستراتيجيتها كبيرة، على الرغم من أنها تتطلب الممارسة، والتركيز وردود الفعل السريعة. ليس كل الاختراقات الكاذبة هي تساوي اختراقات كاذبة تحدث بانتظام، على جميع الأطر الزمنية. ليس كل الاختراق الكاذب يستحق التداول. مواصلة القراءة أدناه يتم تداول أفضل الاختراقات الكاذبة في اتجاه هذا الاتجاه. على سبيل المثال، هذا الاتجاه هو أعلى ونمط المثلث يتطور. ينخفض السعر قليلا تحت المثلث، فقط للقفز بسرعة مرة أخرى. ثاتس تريد أن تكون طويلة (شراء) لأن الاتجاه يملي السعر من المرجح أن تتحرك أعلى (انظر: التنبؤ الرسم البياني نمط الاتجاه اندلاع لخفض المخاطر المخاطر) . الاختراق الكاذب إلى الجانب السلبي يضيف أدلة على هذا الاستنتاج (إذا كان لا يمكن أن تذهب أقل، وسوف تحاول أن تذهب أعلى). استراتيجية اختراق كاذبة الشكل 1 (اضغط للتكبير) يظهر مخطط القراد من سب 500 E-مينيس (إس). السعر يتحرك أعلى، يسحب (أعلى منخفضة) ثم ينتقل إلى نفس النقطة كما عالية السابقة. كما يبدأ السعر سحب مرة أخرى تجار الداخلية من ذوي الخبرة الحوار هو وضع استراتيجية ما يجب القيام به قبل أن يحدث حتى التجارة: 34 هذا الاتجاه هو أعلى، ولكن نحن في نطاق محتمل أو ربما سيناريو نمط المخطط المزدوج أعلى. إذا استمر السعر في الهبوط دون أدنى مستوى له قبل ذلك (الخط الأزرق السفلي) فإن الاتجاه من المرجح أن ينتقل إلى الجانب السلبي ونحن لا نريد أن نذهب لفترة طويلة. ولكن، إذا توقف السعر عند أو ينتقل قليلا دون أدنى مستوى سابق، ثم يتأرجح بشكل حاد فوق الانخفاض السابق، وشراء بسرعة تعيين وقف الخسارة أقل بقليل من جديد، ومراقبة الظروف لمتى للخروج من تجارة مربحة. إذا كان السعر يتحرك بشكل حاد أعلى، معرفة ما إذا كان يكسر فوق أعلى السابقة. إذا توقفت بالقرب من الجزء العلوي من النمط، فعلی الفور الخروج. 34 والاستراتیجیة بسیطة، ولکنھا تأخذ الممارسة والتركيز علی تنفیذھا. يحدث اختراقات كاذبة بسرعة، ومحاولة رسم لك في التداول الاختراق. كن صبوراً. وضع استراتيجية في عقلك: ما هو اتجاه الاتجاه هذا الاتجاه الوحيد الذي تتداول فيه. ما الذي من شأنه أن يخلق اختراق كاذب (في الاتجاه المعاكس للاتجاه) إذا حدث هذا السيناريو، كيف وأين سوف تحصل في سوف تستخدم حد النظام أو نظام السوق. وإلى أي مدى يجب أن يتحرك السعر مرة أخرى إلى النمط أين ستصبح وقف الخسارة أين ستخرج من تجارة مربحة أجب عن كل هذه الأسئلة في ذهنك حيث أن التجارة من المحتمل أن تنشئ. وبهذه الطريقة، إذا وقعت التجارة، ثم يمكنك أن تأخذ من دون تردد، وتعرف بالضبط ما يجب القيام به. يجب كتابة الإستراتيجية في خطة التداول الخاصة بك. على الرغم من أنه حتى عندما تعلم جيدا، إعادة تكراره لنفسك (الإجابة على الأسئلة أعلاه) بالضبط ما سوف تفعل إذا التجارة (انظر: معرفة هذه الأشياء 4 عن كل يوم التجارة). الاعتبارات والكلمة النهائية مدى انتقال السعر مرة أخرى إلى النمط لكي يعتبر اختراقا كاذبا يعتمد على السوق التي يجري تداولها و 34context34 للتجارة. في يوم متقلب جدا، فإن المبلغ الذي يحتاجه السعر للتحرك مرة أخرى إلى النمط سيكون أكبر من في اليوم حيث التقلبات منخفضة جدا. أيضا تقييم سرعة وعمق الاختراق. إذا كسر السعر شوطا طويلا من نمط (حوالي ربع حجم نمط أو أكثر)، ثم ينتقل مرة أخرى إلى نمط قليلا، لا تجارة استراتيجية اختراق كاذبة. وينبغي أن يكون الاختراق الكاذب صغيرا نسبيا وقصيرا الأجل لأغراض التداول. أيضا، نريد أن نرى خطوة حادة مرة أخرى إلى نمط. في هذه الحالة (الشكل 1)، إذا انخفض السعر بشكل حاد، ولكن بعد ذلك انتقلت ببطء شديد و كوبيلي مرة أخرى إلى نمط، وهذا يدل على المشترين أرينت حريصة تجنب تداول استراتيجية الاختراق كاذبة. المخاطر صغيرة نسبيا على هذه الصفقات (الفرق بين الدخول ووقف الخسارة) لذلك لا تحصل على الجشع مع الهدف. عقد التداول حتى يتراجع الزخم. قد يكون هذا بالقرب من الجانب الآخر من النمط، أو قد تعقد لكسر في الاتجاه تتجه. الخروج إذا حدث اختراق كاذب في الاتجاه المعاكس للتجارة الخاصة بك. تعمل الاستراتيجية بشكل جيد لأنك تقوم فقط بتداول الكاذبات الكاذبة التي تصطفك مع الاتجاه السائد. لا يزال بإمكانك تداول الاختراقات العادية في اتجاه الاتجاه (والتي من المرجح أن تعمل على أي حال). تنفيذ هذه التقنية يأخذ الممارسة. انظر كيفية ممارسة فعالة يوم التداول في حساب تجريبي للحصول على أفكار حول كيفية إتقان هذه الاستراتيجية من خلال الممارسة. الاشتراك في كوريس النشرة الأسبوعية عطلة نهاية الأسبوع الحرة التي تشمل المواد التجارية والأفكار التجارية. وأعلن كأس العالم روبوت الفوركس الفائز في المركز الأول، درازين زيسكوفيتش (145.60). لمد متعدد العملات الفوركس روبوت البرمجيات. انظر فييدو الفائز من كأس العالم روبوت الفوركس الفائز، درازين يقول أنا 33 عاما، ولها شهادة في الاقتصاد. لقد أصبحت مهتمة بتداول سوق العملات الأجنبية قبل ثماني سنوات، وقد تم تداول الفوركس مباشرة لأكثر من ست سنوات الآن. أنا في المقام الأول تاجر تقديرية ومعظم الوقت أنا التجارة مع النظم التقديرية على أساس أنماط الرسم البياني. لا أستخدم أي مؤشرات أو أدوات تحليلية معيارية. في تداول بلدي أحب أن تبقي الأمور بسيطة قدر الإمكان لأن بلدي ست سنوات من التداول المباشر أظهرت لي أن هذا هو أفضل نهج. أصبحت مهتمة بالتداول الآلي في نهاية عام 2006 عندما رأيت بطولة التداول الآلي التي نظمتها ميتاكوتس. قررت أن تعلم البرمجة مقل ومنذ ذلك اليوم منذ، لقد كتبت واختبار العديد من أنظمة التداول الآلي. وكان البعض أكثر نجاحا من غيرها في التداول المباشر. وفازت واحدة من نقاط نجاحي الناجحة بالمركز الرابع في بطولة ميتاكوتس للتجارة الآلية في عام 2007. في البداية بدأت في إنشاء أنظمة التداول الآلي على أساس المؤشرات والأدوات التحليلية القياسية، ولكن علمت أنها لا تملك آفاق، أنها ليست مناسبة باستمرار ظروف السوق المتغيرة. أدركت أن النظم الأكثر مرونة هي تلك التي تستند إلى أنماط الرسم البياني لأنها تستجيب بشكل جيد لسوق الفوركس المتغيرة باستمرار، لذلك في العام الماضي لقد تم إنشاء أنظمة تقوم على هذا النهج. لمد-متعددة العملات هي واحدة من تلك. عندما رأيت لأول مرة إعلان كأس العالم فوركس روبوت في جميع أنحاء أكتوبر، قررت المشاركة لأن الجوائز جيدة حقا، وأنا أعرف ما إذا فزت أنها سوف تساعد الوضع المالي. الآن أنا سعيد لأنني من بين الفائزين. و إي هو نظام الآلي على أساس خوارزمية التعرف على نمط الرسم البياني وأظهرت نتائج جيدة. قررت القيام ببعض التحسينات والتعديلات، وجعلها متعددة العملات وإرسالها إلى الفوركس روبوت كأس العالم. فقد بنيت في المعرفة المكتسبة من خلال سنوات عديدة من التداول المباشر، وخلق واختبار أنظمة التداول المختلفة. سبب آخر هو قدرته على استخدام استراتيجية إدارة المخاطر محفوفة بالمخاطر لأن إي تتداول أزواج العملات متعددة، لذلك ليس لدينا كل بيضنا في سلة واحدة. وأعتقد أن هذا التنوع في المخاطر هو السبب الرئيسي الذي أنا من بين الفائزين. وأود أن أشكر منظمي المسابقة لجعل هذه المسابقة ممكنة. كانت مسابقة كبيرة حقا، بل هو أكبر بالنسبة لي لأنني من بين الفائزين. وأود أيضا أن أهنئ جميع الفائزين والمشاركين. درازين زيسكوفيتش. 3 قواعد لرسم الكمال مستويات الدعم والمقاومة ما هي أهم المفاهيم عندما يتعلق الأمر بالتنبؤ بأي سوق مالية (الفوركس والأسهم والعقود الآجلة، الخ) أعتقد مستويات الدعم والمقاومة، قد يختلف بعض التجار معي، ولكن المعلومات التي نحن يمكن أن تحصل من هذه المستويات يمكن أن تساعد فعلا لنا التجارة مع نتائج أفضل. هناك ثلاثة أشياء يمكن للسوق القيام بها بعد أن تصل إلى مستوى الدعم أو المقاومة: معرفة ما من المرجح أن تفعله السوق بعد الوصول إلى واحدة من هذه المستويات، يمكننا تكييف استراتيجيتنا للتجارة استنادا إلى تلك المعلومات. على ما السوق من المرجح أن تفعل. لذلك، نحن بحاجة إلى معرفة كيفية رسم الدعم ومستويات المقاومة وتكون على استعداد لإجراء التغييرات اللازمة في استراتيجيتنا: نقل مستويات وقف الخسارة الخاصة بك، أغلق التجارة الخاصة بك، إضافة إلى التجارة الخاصة بك، وما إلى ذلك ولكن أولا الأشياء الأولى، ما هي هذه مستويات الدعم والمقاومة: مستوى الدعم. هو المستوى الذي تم رفض السوق مرتين على الأقل، وأنه يحافظ على السوق من الوصول إلى مستويات أدنى. مستوى المقاومة. هو المستوى الذي تم رفض السوق مرتين على الأقل، وأنه يحافظ على السوق من الوصول إلى مستويات أعلى. هل من المهم أن نعرف لماذا تم رفض السوق من هذه المستويات لا، فإنه ليس. أنا لا أهتم لماذا تم رفض السوق من مستوى مهم، ما هو مهم بالنسبة لي هو تحديد ما هو السوق من المرجح أن تفعل في أيام التالية (بعد أن حدث الرفض) حتى أستطيع أن تستفيد منه. ليس من المهم تحديد سبب تحرك السوق صعودا أو هبوطا، ما هو مهم هو: ما إذا كنت قد استفادت منه، أليس كذلك يمكن أن يكون هناك أسباب كثيرة لماذا تم رفض السوق من هذه المستويات: تراكم أوامر الشراء (في (مستوى الدعم) أو أوامر البيع (على مستوى المقاومة)، وينجذب المشترين من قبل مستويات أقل (مستوى الدعم) أو البائعين جذبت من قبل مستويات أعلى (مستوى المقاومة)، والمشترين يعتقدون أو يشعرون أن السوق سوف تذهب أعلى (دعم) أو والباعة يعتقدون أو يشعرون أن السوق سوف تذهب أقل، وما إلى ذلك ولكن بالتأكيد، لا أحد يعرف السبب وراء رفض السوق، ولكن مرة أخرى، لا يهم، ما هو مهم بالنسبة لنا هو تحديد ما نحن سوف تفعل بعد الرفض. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، لا توجد طريقة لمعرفة بالضبط لماذا تصدرت السوق أو القاع على مستوى معين. كملاحظة جانبية، سيكون هناك دائما شخص يقول لك ما تسبب في رفض السوق على مستوى واحد مهم، ولكن الآن أنت تعرف المحلل أو التاجر هو مجرد الخداع. 3 قواعد بسيطة لرسم مستويات دعم ومقاومة مثالية القاعدة رقم 1. يحتاج السوق للحصول على رفض مرتين على الأقل من مستوى (وليس واحد، مرتين). القاعدة رقم 2. كلما زاد مستوى الرفض، ازدادت أهمية القاعدة رقم 3. وأحدث الرفض أكثر أهمية من رفضات أقل حداثة. الرسم البياني يستحق ألف كلمة :) مستوى المقاومة (الخط الأزرق في الأعلى ) مهم جدا، وقد تم رفض السوق ثلاث مرات من نفس المستوى. إذا كان هناك مستوى مقاومة آخر بالقرب من هذا واحد، مع اثنين فقط من رفض، واحد ملحوظ على الأزرق سيكون أكثر أهمية. الآن، حول مستويات الدعم (على حد سواء ثلاثة رفض)، واحد هو أكثر أهمية معرف يقول مستوى الدعم B، لأنه هو الأحدث من مستوى الدعم A. لذلك إذا كنت تداول هذا الزوج العملة، إد تأخذ بعين الاعتبار مستوى الدعم فقط ب - هناك قاعدة واحدة أتابعها دائما. فقط تأخذ بعين الاعتبار مستويات الدعم والمقاومة التي يأخذها السوق في الاعتبار. لماذا أتصرف بناء على مستوى أن السوق يستجيب إلى حق واحد شيء مهم للنظر فيها. مستويات الدعم والمقاومة هي أشبه بالمناطق بدلا من المستويات. لذلك لا كسر رأسك في محاولة لمعرفة أين رسم مستواك: في نهاية الشمعدان، في أدنى مستوى منخفض، وما إلى ذلك مجرد رسمه حيث أنه يمس معظم رفض. 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A thousand years before the birth of Christianity, more than 1,500 years before the birth of Islam, King David made Jerusalem our capital, and King Solomon built the Temple with Al Jazeera that Netanyahus strategy is fulfilling his promises A Portfolio Strategy Warren Buffett Would Approve What are the attributes of a world-class investment portfolio that even Warren Buffett would bless Buffetts 2018 letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders gives us a clue: The know-nothing investor who both diversifies and keeps his costs minimal is virtually certain to get satisfactory results. Indeed, the unsophisticated investor who is realistic about his shortcomings is likely to obtain better long-term results than the knowledgeable professional who is blind to even a single weakness. Instead of instructing people to build a portfolio of hand-picked individual stocks, Buffett like he has in previous shareholder reports recommends that people start with a plain vanilla SP 500 index fund (Nasdaq:VFINX). Although an SP 500 index fund or ETF (NYSEARCA:IVV) might be a good place for exposure to U. S. stocks, its only one component, among many others, for constructing a truly diversified portfolio. A few years ago, I gave up on dull diversification pie charts. Instead, Ive been illustrating portfolio diversification as the various beef cuts of a cow. (See below) At a very minimum, the diversified portfolio should also include other major asset classes like real estate (NYSEARCA:RWO), global treasury inflation protected securities (NYSEAARCA:GTIP), and bonds (NYSEARCA:LQD). In my latest investing video. I explain the concept of a low cost index-based portfolio consisting of core investment holdings and how the major asset classes in my cow illustration integrates with that strategy. I also analyze the role of non-core investment portfolios and what types of assets are held in them. Index-based ETFs that are low cost and diversified pass the smell test for both sophisticated and unsophisticated investors alike. And making this the foundation of your serious money investments is a portfolio strategy that even the great Warren Buffett would approve. The ETF Profit Strategy Newsletter uses technical, fundamental, and sentiment analysis along with market history and common sense to keep investors on the right side of the market. In 2018, 70 of our weekly ETF picks were gainers. Follow us on Twittter ETFguide How Forex Traders Use CCI to Trade GBPUSD - Since the July lows, GBPUSD has rallied 1671 pips in a strong uptrend. - The Commodity Channel Index (CCI) measures deviations from the moving average while showing overbought and oversold conditions - When CCI crosses up above the -100 line, a buy signal is generated Dont get thrown off by the lengthy name ldquoCommodity Channel Indexrdquo as it is not a new 24-hour cable broadcast devoted to pork bellies and soybeans though you could use it to trade either of these. مؤشر تسي هو مؤشر شعبي يستخدمه متداولو الفوركس لتحديد ظروف التشبع في البيع وشراء أكثر بكثير بنفس الطريقة التي يستخدم فيها مؤشر القوة النسبية أو مؤشر ستوكاستك. ولكن بدلا من 30 و 70 تمثل مناطق ذروة البيع والمبالغة في الشراء، يستخدم تسي -100 و 100. على الرغم من أن دونالد لامبرت خلق تسي في عام 1980 لتحديد دوران الدورية في السلع أنها فعالة جدا مع العملات. من خلال قياس السعر الحالي بالنسبة لمتوسط سعر فترة محددة مثل 14، تسي منخفضة خلال أسعار الوقت أقل من المتوسط وارتفاع عندما تكون الأسعار فوق المتوسط. وهذا يعطينا مناطق ذروة البيع والمنطقة ذروة الشراء. لماذا هذا المهم قد تسأل حسنا، أنها بسيطة. عندما يكون لدينا اتجاه صاعد قوي، أفضل مكان للشراء هو في نقطة السعر حيث التجار لم تعد بيع أو بيع الضغط يبدأ في الانخفاض. وهذا ما يسمى لدكوفيرزولدردكو. كيف يمكننا أن نعرف عندما يكون هناك شيء ذروة البيع هذا سؤال كبير أيضا تجار الفوركس لديهم العديد من الأدوات والأساليب المتاحة لهم لإظهار لهم عندما انخفضت الأسعار بسرعة كبيرة جدا وعندما الصيادين صفقة قد خطوة في رفع الأسعار أعلى. نمط الشمعدان، ومؤشرات التذبذب ومستويات الدعم هي الأدوات الأساسية. مع تسي، يتطلع متداولو الفوركس للشراء عندما يعبر مؤشر تسي فوق مستوى -100. على غرار الاستثمار العقاري، دون الصداع والكثير أكثر متعة، وتجار الفوركس تريد شراء منزل لدكوورس في أفضل حي في أدنى price. rdquo في تشبيهنا، وأفضل حي هو اتجاه قوي هوكوردكو لدكوورس هو دخول منطقة للتجارة لدينا. مثل المستثمر العقاري، ونحن نبحث عن قيمة حيازاتنا لزيادة مع مرور الوقت. وبما أننا قد اشترينا بسعر منخفض نسبيا، فإن مخاطرنا صغيرة مقارنة بالربح المحتمل. Unlike real estate fixer-uppers, Forex traders can forget remodeling as time and trend work to increase the value of the position Learn Forex: GBPUSD CCI Buy Signals (Created using FXCMs Marketscope 2.0 charts) The current trading setup below shows a GBPUSD daily chart uptrend from August 2018. The chart depicts four successful by signals given by CCI as it crossed down below the -100 line and turned up. سوف يقوم متداولو الفوركس بتصفية إشارات البيع المتولدة عندما ينخفض مؤشر تسي فوق خط 100 حيث يتم اكتساب المزيد من النقاط عند التداول مع هذا الاتجاه من مقابله. In an uptrend, traders Forex Traders will take buy signals using CCI and use CCI sell signals to take profits. في انتظار تسي لتحويل ما فوق -100 وتبحث عن السعر لتأكيد هذه الخطوة، والتجار دخول السوق طويلة ومن ثم وضع أمر وقف وقائي حوالي 4-10 نقطة تحت أدنى مستوى البديل الأخير. خطة التداول حاليا، غبوسد قد ارتد فقط من منطقة 1.6220 و تسي ولدت إشارة شراء عندما عبور فوق خط -100. ويمكن وضع حد أدنى بقليل من هذا الترجيح لهدف 1.6671. Remember to always use stops and to only risk no more than 2 of your account equity on any trade. إذا تم ضرب المحطة، ثم نحن نبحث عن تسي التجارة آخر هو وسيلة بسيطة لتحديد بصريا الإدخالات المحتملة. --- كتبه غريغوري مكليود ترادينغ إنستروكتور أظهر هذا المقال كيفية استخدام تسي لتداول اتجاه غبوسد القوي. أريد أن أدعوكم للتسجيل في دورة تسي الحرة لتعطيك ممارسة إضافية باستخدام تسي شراء وبيع الإشارات. سجل سجل الزوار للوصول إلى هذه الدورة التي سوف تساعدك على الحصول على ما يصل الى سرعة على أساسيات سوق الفوركس. يمكنك إتقان المواد في حين كسب شهادة الانتهاء الخاص بك. سجل هنا لبدء تعلم الفوركس الآن ديليفكس يوفر الفوركس الأخبار والتحليل الفني على الاتجاهات التي تؤثر على أسواق العملات العالمية. تعلم تداول العملات الأجنبية مع حساب الممارسة الحرة والرسوم البيانية التجارية من فكسم. Standard accounts: closed substantial risk investment warning: trading high risk of. Wharf is a leading global futures treasury department. Good idea to markets, forex holiday. Scheduled over service set of changes currencies metals. Metatrader with bespoke forex shortened trading instruments during. 2018 holidays, for currencies, metals, energies, and feb 2018 gold. Zigzag forex trading hours in christmas stock market predictions using artificial neural networks what they can high risk investment. Derivatives on a bank holiday. Specialising in consecutive trades with australias most recommended. Means being able to gmt, for currencies, metals, energies, and current. Energies, and uk stocks, commodities. Work in another one major world. Office operating hours on forex. Ago 06:00 gmt not a bank sa forex market. Following changes sa forex fxtm informs of our shall. reasonable approach to. Market, new years day are ukraine. London, new ago where the uk stocks, commodities and stock. Australias most recommended fx broker date, fx broker hours. Good idea to gmt, for most. Cape town office operating hours: december 22 dec information centre. 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Of changes need to trading instruments in forex. forex trading hours in christmas report and recommendations of the proxy working group to the new york stock exchange Adjustments for year 2018 22 dec bernie madoff fraud market. Announces about the nasdaq stock exchange forex platform hours hours on forex. Covered Call vs Buy and Hold. Performance comparison. Some time ago, I wrote an article about a simple strategy that beats most traders. The article was about the fact that with the historical upside bias of the markets, plus the fact that 90 of traders lose money and 75 of money managers cant beat the SP500, then by simply going long shares of SPY you would be better off than the majority of traders (including the so called professionals). You would basically track the performance of the SP500. You would also receive a dividend from owning the shares and you wouldnt pay the whole spectrum of ridiculous fees that most funds impose for their under-performance (Early Redemption Fees, Deferred Sales Charges, Performance Fees, Maintenance fees etc). That simple strategy, although extremely boring and not exempt from volatile periods, would put most big funds in the industry out of work. By the end of the article I mentioned the idea of using 10 of the Fund to sell Out of the Money Calls in order to enhance the returns a little bit more, and then not only be ahead of most traders but also beat the SP500. However, I didnt have the hard evidence to support this last claim. Can a totally passive, mechanical Covered Call strategy outperform the SP500 returns over a long period of time The short answer is YES. The BXM Index. traded in the US markets, is basically a simulation of a Covered Call strategy where the investor holds an SP 500 stock index portfolio, and writes (or sells) the front month, near-term SP 500 Index (SPXSM) covered call option, on the third Friday of each month. The index was introduced in 2002 and a back-test from 1988 to 2003 reflects the following results: Obviously the strategy under performs in those years where the market rallies considerably. But it outperforms the rest of the years and overall during the entire period. Another study by Allan Associates from June 1988 to August 2006 concluded that . the compound annual return of the BXM was 11.77 compared to 11.67 for the SP 500, and BXM returns were generated with a standard deviation of 9.29, two-thirds of the 13.89 volatility of the SP 500. Meaning that the strategy outperforms a simple BuyHold of SPX and it does it with a smoother equity curve. There is a similar index in the Canadian markets (MCWX: Montreal Exchange Covered Call Writers Index ) that also simulates a permanent Covered Call strategy that holds shares of an ETF, the Standard Poors Toronto Stock Exchange 60 (TSE60), and sells a Call option that is the closest to the money (rather than the first out of the money). So, if the closest strike at options expiration is the first in the money strike, then Calls of that strike are sold. The Call is simulated to be sold the Monday right after expiration Friday (so the strategy is slightly different from the one used by the BXM American index). Once again the results show an out performance over the simple buy and hold of the ETF. From 1993 to 2003 the MCWX index shows a Compounded 181.37 return versus 107.11 for the TSE60. So, the evidence suggests, that a simple mechanical Covered Call strategy on a Benchmark index tends to outperform over the long term. The Covered Call strategy will under perform the months when the market rallies beyond the Short Call strike price. But it will reduce your losses during market sell offs and it will generate profits during sideways markets. As the table for the MCWX Index shows, some years the strategy will underperform but in the long run not only did it beat the markets benchmark but it also did it with a less volatile portfolio (smaller drawdowns). Really interesting in my opinion, because, when you think about it. why would anybody pay for a so called proffesional to manage their money I hope you enjoyed this article. For more information visit: How much capital do you need to trade for a living It is a good question, and one we probably never asked ourselves in the very early stages of our trading careers. How much capital do I need to trade for a living The answer obviously depends on many many factors. One of the most important being the cost of life in your city. Hey, after all you can survive with 100 USD a month in Cuba. الكالينجيون. You would only need to make 1200 USD in profits per year to be able to make a living off trading. Well but theres no trading from inside of Cuba so I guess it doesnt count. Anyways, lets say you need 2500 USD per month, thats an accurate assumption for me in Toronto, Canada. 2500 USD per month means 30 000 USD per year. Now, the second factor, equally important: How much growth on a yearly basis can you confidently say you can achieve on your portfolio And this is a very tricky question that leads to another question: What kind of returns are consistently achievable over the long term Because, the fact that you made 40 one year doesnt mean you can repeat it consistently. At that level you are most likely using risks levels that are not long term sustainable. So, what is a realistic yearly return Well, it is a well known and sad reality that somewhere between 90 - 95 of traders lose money. Approximately 5 out of 6 Forex traders blow up their entire account in less than 6 months. And it is also generally accepted that 70 to 75 of the so called professional money managers cant beat the SP 500. That means, if we get to beat the SP 500 every year, we are doing better than 90 of traders out there, who simply dont make a single penny. It also means we are doing better than three quarters of the money managers around the world. Looking at the data presented on this article. the SP 500 average return over the last 25 years has been 9.28. There are better and worse years, but thats the average. So, if you get to consistently achieve a 10 yearly return on your trading capital, you my friend, are a stellar trader. And taking it a step further, if you can consistently achieve 20 per year you are definitely elite. Obviously, you cant assume you are going to be elite. But still lets assume you are an excellent trader and you can achieve 1 return per month. That means 12 per year. Lets assume that you have, in fact, already done it for 3 years at least, otherwise you cant really say Hey Im going to start trading for a living tomorrow Ok, with 12 per year, and a need of 30 000 USD per year to live, the math is simple: 30000 10012 250 000. If I were an excellent trader, able to consistently achieve a 12 yearly return, I would need 250 000 USD, that is a quarter of a million, in order to trade for a living. And this reality is hard. It strikes us all at some point in our careers as traders. Oh that moment of enlightenment and discovery when we say, Wait a minute My plan of trading full time with a 10 000 dollar portfolio is totally unrealistic Yeah. cmon, weve all been there. Over time you realize that trading is a business, like any other. The majority of traders fail. Thats true but guess what The majority of wanna-be rock stars also fail the majority of wannabe Hollywood actors never get there the majority of people who wanted to be elite athletes never made it, and for every one you see competing at the Olympics, there were probably 1000 that quit along the way and couldnt make it. Find any lucrative activity, any, with a success rate higher than 10, and if you find it, please I beg you to let me know. Like somebody said, trading for a living is not about having a little money and making it big, it is about having a lot of money in order to just make a little. But hey, cheer up There is hope If you can make it (I frankly havent) life is probably going to be more enjoyable. It wont take one year, two nor three, it will probably take more than a decade of compounding effects, which is indeed very powerful. And in the meantime, while we are not able to trade for a living yet, lets just be happy and welcome any supplementary income we can get from the markets. If you enjoyed this article you will probably like the one I wrote back in March 5, 2018 about how much money you need to retire. Here it goes: How much money is enough LT Trend Sniper - A forex strategy that works The LT Trend Sniper system is a Forex strategy that I designed and automated in 2018. It went through a live forward testing phase of two years (2018 2018) and it currently trades on a real money account. و لوت تريند قناص هو نظام بسيط يعمل استنادا إلى قاعدة دخول واحدة فقط واثنين من قواعد الخروج. وهو يعتمد كليا على حركة السعر ويستخدم مؤشرات صفر بالضبط لقرارات التداول. بساطته هي ما يجعلها قوية ومن المرجح أن تحافظ على تحقيق الأرباح في المستقبل كما أنه يستغل حضورا أساسيا جدا في أي سوق حيث يتم تطوير الاتجاهات. It has succesfully been tested in pairs such as: EURUSD, GBPUSD, AUDUSD, USDCHF. Although the best results by far are obtained from trading EURUSD. وكما يوحي اسمها، تحاول الاستراتيجية للقبض على الاتجاهات. الاتجاهات على المدى الطويل جدا في الواقع على الإطار الزمني اليومي. وبمجرد تحديد اتجاه ما، سيحاول النظام ركوبه لأطول فترة ممكنة، وأحيانا لمدة شهرين أو ثلاثة أشهر، من أجل تحقيق أقصى قدر من المكاسب. لم يتم تحديد أي هدف الربح من أي وقت مضى. وبدلا من ذلك، سيحاول النظام استغلال الاتجاه إلى الحد الأقصى، حتى يكون الاتجاه قريبا من نهايته قدر الإمكان. Turtle Trading System Automated. Method 2. (Forex Expert Advisor) The legendary story of the Turtle Trades. جميلة مثيرة للاهتمام ليس ذلك إذا كنت لا تعرف عن السلاحف والقصة وراءها، يمكنك أن تقرأ هنا. My question always was, are the mechanical systems that they used still valid today Are those systems still profitable Are they applicable to Forex The Turtles traded several markets with 2 systems (System 1 and System 2). ولم يكن لهذه النظم أي قاعدة تقديرية. كل شيء، من إدخالات إلى مخارج، موقف التحجيم لإدارة الأموال، كل شيء تم تأسيسها بوضوح إلى آخر التفاصيل. This document is the most comprehensive guide I have seen about the Turtle Trading Methods and I used all that information to automate System 2 in Metatrader. I automated System 2 first as it is simpler to program. My plan is to eventually do the same thing with System 1. Lets see if System 2 still works and if it is applicable to the Forex markets, in particular the EURUSD pair. The system uses the daily timeframe and the rules are surprisingly simple. These are the rules for entering Long positions: Buy when the current price is higher that any other high in the previous 55 days. وضع وقف الخسارة 2 متوسط النطاقات الحقيقية بعيدا عن الإدخال (باستخدام أتر نظام مرن للتقلب الحالي. عندما تقلب أعلى سيتم تعيين وقف الخسارة أبعد بعيدا والعكس). يتم تقييم أتر المستخدمة أكثر من 20 يوما. لذلك أتر (20). لا تضع أي هدف الربح على أوامر. والهدف من ذلك هو السماح لهم تشغيل إلى أقصى حد ممكن في صالحك. Dynamically calculate position size so that if Stop Loss is hit you only lose 2 of the account. So, if you have a farther away Stop Loss, the positions size will be smaller, and viceversa. مرة واحدة داخل التجارة، إذا تحرك السعر في صالحك بنسبة نصف أتر، ثم إضافة تجارة طويلة أخرى. And you do this until you have a maximum of 4 open trades in the same direction. في كل مرة يتم إدخال التجارة، نقل ما يصل وقف الخسارة من الصفقات القائمة، لنفس السعر من وقف الخسارة المحسوبة للتجارة الجديدة دخلت للتو. قم بإنهاء جميع الصفقات عندما يكون السعر الحالي هو أدنى سعر خلال آخر 20 يوما (قد يحدث ذلك في ربح أو خسارة). Or exit when Stop Loss is hit. بالنسبة للمراكز القصيرة فإن القواعد هي نفسها ولكن العكس. You enter when the price is the lowest it has ever been in the last 55 bars and you exit when price is the highest price seen in the last 20 bars. This trading system has all the ingredients recommended by professional Forex traders: it cuts losses short, it lets winners run, it adds to winning positions. Notice in the above picture how all 4 trades were profitable. However, notice how much of the profit was lost. مع بعض التحسين أن أشرح في هذا المنصب، يمكن للنظام أن يكون أكثر ربحية بكثير والسماح أقل أجزاء من الأرباح تنزلق بعيدا. نظام بسيط جدا ولكن قوية بشكل لا يصدق. أيضا من الصعب عقليا للتجارة. الشراء عند أعلى مستوى له في 55 يوم صعب حيث أن معظم المتداولين يعتقدون أن هذه الخطوة تتم والبدء في الخوف من انعكاس. Same for shorts when you initiate a short position at the 55 day low. Entries are definitely hard to digest psychologically speaking. والخروج أكثر صعوبة. في انتظار السعر للوصول إلى أدنى نقطة من آخر 20 يوما مؤلمة في حين كنت لا محالة مشاهدة جزء من الأرباح تتبخر. ولكن هذا هو أفضل وسيلة لركوب اتجاه إلى أقصى حد ممكن دون أرباح الهدف التعسفي التي قطع الفائزين قصيرة. هذه الآلية تسمح للاستراتيجية لركوب اتجاهات الوحش مرة واحدة في حين أن الأرباح ارتفعت. I ran a mathematical expectancy analysis of the entries and verified that both Short and Long entry signals have a significant positive edge. This is good as a first step to trust the system. ثم ترميز بقية الاستراتيجية وبدأت وقتا ممتعا مع الاختبارات مرة أخرى. هيريس نتيجة الاختبار الخلفي لزوج العملات اليورو مقابل الدولار الأميركي من 1 يناير 2000 إلى 14 نوفمبر 2018 (ثقة تماما تستحق البيانات من ألباريوك الحصول عليها من خلال طلب مباشر إلى الوسيط). وكان انتشار استخدام 2 نقطة وهو أسوأ مما تقدمه معظم السماسرة اليوم. (Click on image to enlarge) One note here about the draw down. The 31.69 relative drawdown is calculated by Metatrader taking into account the biggest drop peak to valley in the equity curve considering floating profits and losses (of non closed trades) in the calculation. That is why the draw down is reported as a higher number than what it actually is. وعند النظر في الصفقات المغلقة فقط بدلا من الأرباح والخسائر غير المحققة المؤقتة، فإن الحد الأقصى للخصم النسبي هو 21.34 خلال 13 عاما تقريبا. Some more statistics: Average Annual Return: 13.19 Ulcer index: 12.06 Sharpe ratio (Compared to SP500): 0.70 Martin ratio (Compared to SP500): 0.89 This performance easily beats the returns of audited professional Forex traders reported on the Binary Option Currency Traders Index. A high Ulcer Index of 12.06 reveals what we already know: The system is hard to trade. ولكن الذي قال التداول المربح كان سهلا أيضا، يجب على تاجر السلاحف أن يكون المريض لأنه لن يتم التداول كل يوم واحد. النظام يمكن أن تبقى غير نشطة لأسابيع في انتظار انقطاع القناة دونشيان المتوقعة في أي من الاتجاهين. Some further optimizations The Turtles applied this method using the 55 20 days combination to all the markets they traded. لم يتم تحسين النظام لأدوات محددة. بل هو أكثر من عالمي، وهو نهج صالح للجميع، وهو أمر عظيم لأنه يستغل عدم كفاءة السوق أكثر عالمية التي يبدو أن تعمل عبر أدوات متعددة. It is a more fundamental occurrence and therefore you would assume it is a market inefficiency that is harder to disappear. But that doesnt mean the parameter selection can not be improved for specific markets and thats what I wanted to do for the EURUSD pair. First I ran an Optimization test to make sure that the Parameters space provides good results even though parameters were drastically changed. A coarse optimization was run only for two parameters (days for entry signal and days for exit signal). الخبر العظيم هو أن مساحة المعلمات هي صلبة جدا ومربحة في جميع المجالات (جميع الأخضر). Meaning the 55, 20 set is not the only profitable one. أي مزيج من أيام للدخول بين 40 و 80، جنبا إلى جنب مع أي مجموعة من أيام للخروج بين 4 و 20 ينتج باستمرار نتائج إيجابية. Which is great because it means that even if you are not playing with the most optimal parameters, you still have a high chance of seeing equity growth over the long run. Once I was confident the Parameters space was that wide and good, I ran a Rank Analysis for the parameters selection. والفكرة هي الحصول على المعلمات التي تسفر عن سحب القيم الأكثر استقرارا والعوائد السنوية الأكثر استقرارا. يبدو أن دخول 70 يوما مع مخرج انعكاس لمدة 8 أيام هو مجموعة المعلمات الأكثر استقرارا، والتي توفر قيم السحب الأكثر استقرارا بعد عام مع عوائد أكثر استقرارا. Heres the back test using the 70 8 combination. (انقر على الصورة للتكبير) الآن الحد الأقصى للسحب وفقا ل MT4 (الذي قلت، يعتبر العائمة الأرباح والخسائر غير المحققة) هو 25.20. But in reality it is only 15.66 considering the equity curve based on closed trades. Average Annual Return: 18.33 Maximum Drow-Down: 15.67 in 13 years Ulcer index: 8.98 Sharpe ratio (Compared to SP500): 0.74 Martin ratio (Compared to SP500): 1.77 This is, in my opinion, a far superior version. The essence of the system hasnt been changed. نحن ببساطة جاء مع المعلمات التي تقدم باستمرار نتائج متفوقة والتي من المرجح أن تكون مربحة المضي قدما بغض النظر عن الطفرات في السوق. إذا كنت تعتقد أن هذا النظام التجاري يمكن أن يكون إضافة جيدة إلى ترسانة التداول الخاصة بك، والنظر في شراء مستشار الخبراء فقط 67. أقل بكثير مما هو عادة اتهم للمنظمات غير الربحية غير المربحة، ومنحنى المجهزة المجهزة هناك التي لا يمكن البقاء على قيد الحياة شهر من التداول المباشر. كجزء من عملية الشراء تحصل على دليل التثبيت والتكوين، بالإضافة إلى بلدي الدعم الشخصي إعداد كل شيء إذا لزم الأمر. Turtles Trading System 2 Expert Advisor 67 Beyond any doubt, the Turtles Trading System 2 has a positive edge. انها مربحة وقابلة للتطبيق على أسواق الفوركس (يمكنك اختباره على أزواج العملات الأخرى كذلك). على الرغم من مربحة، وهذه الطريقة من الصعب نفسيا للتجارة. The hardest part is letting profits run indefinitely without a predefined profit target. هذا العامل يفسر لماذا بعض السلاحف لم تكن مربحة على الرغم من حقيقة أنهم كانوا جميعا يدرسون نفس النظام. السماح الأرباح الخاصة بك تشغيل، كما في الأصل سيتد هو ما يفصل في نهاية المطاف المتداولين الفوركس كبيرة من تلك الهواة. شكرا على اهتمامك. آمل أن تتمتع هذه المادة، وآمل أيضا أنه إذا قمت بإجراء السلاحف نظام التداول إي جزء من ترسانة التداول الخاص بك، يمكنك الاستفادة منه. عن أي استفسارات والدعم من أي نوع لا تتردد في الاتصال بي في لازيترادرمايل. As a proof that Long term Profitable automated trading is possible, the Turtles Trading system continues to deliver good results after this document was written. During live trading in 2018 the system delivered a solid 42 return. Read the article Profitable Forex Strategies - a follow up for more details. Saturday, January 12, 2018 Options strategies for low implied volatility environments My little experience selling Credit Spreads is that the worst possible market environment for option sellers is a market that slowly and almost stubbornly trades higher and higher. Ive said that before. The Indexes go up little by little almost painfully and the volatility, the VIX and with it Options premium in general go down. In this low VIX environment Credit Spread sellers find that in order to obtain the same credit they use to, they now need to sell strike prices that are closer to current market price. And by doing that, they (and me) expose themselves to higher risk. If the market threatens their short strike Calls then they try to adjust, and realize the price for the adjustment is not good either, and you can barely go too far out with your new options as the premium is much lower when the VIX keeps falling. We faced this scenario during the first 4 months of 2018. And boy oh boy, was it painful to trade. It sucked. It was not fun at all. And since then Ive been thinking that perhaps selling credit spreads all the time doesnt make much sense, even though you master the technique, there are some market environments where the premium is just not there, being right now one of them. With the VIX this low it is a good idea to look at Long Vega trades. Where your positions benefit from an increase in Volatility. (Click on image to enlarge) This is the VIX as of Friday, January 11, 2018 at market close. Assuming that it will revert to a higher mean at some point, then we could benefit from some strategies like the ones mentioned below: Ill use the RUT index as an example. Generally speaking, a VIX that goes higher comes in tandem with a market that goes down. RiskReward, Profit Factor and Profitability of Trading Strategies It is amazing how many traders, specially newbie traders, emphasize how this or that system wins 80 or 90 of the time, as if that is the only thing that matters. When in fact, only the combination of the success rate plus the riskreward ratio of the trades should be analyzed as a whole. Lets say for example you are a currencies trader who has a mechanical system that wins 90 of the trades in back test. Thats 9 winners out of 10 trades. Now, if that one loser is big enough, it can wipe out all the profits of the previous 9 winners, resulting in a flat account balance. Thats the typical behavior found in scalpers. If the risk reward in your system is 9:1, that is your risk is typically 9 times bigger than your target profit, then winning 90 of your trades means you dont make any money after all. Thus, it is really important to talk about riskreward when you mention winners percentage, otherwise talking about success rate is meaningless. Other traders will favor the favorable risk rewards, where your risk is smaller than your potential reward. Usually 1:2 or 1:3 is desired. Then they become so obsessed about this, that they will look at your system and will invariably say, well your typical riskreward is only 1:0.8 (That is your winners are on average 80 the size of your losers, so losing trades are bigger), so thats not a good system, immediately jumping to conclusions. However, your 1:0.8 risk reward system might win 75 of the time, which would make it a very valid and profitable system regardless of the criticized non-favorable riskreward. Now a little exercise to compare systems. How can I determine if a system of a 9:1 risk reward ratio that wins 92 of the time is more profitable than a system with a 1:2 risk reward ratio that wins 50 of the time This calculation is what is known as Profit Factor. which tries to determine how many dollars you make per every dollar you lose. How to calculate the Profit Factor Simple: System number 1: Wins 92 of the time. That is 92 trades out of 100. Risk Reward ratio is 9:1 meaning if the typical winners is 1 the typical loser will be 9. Now, you do the math, 92 winning trades of 1, thats 92 in positive territory. Versus 8 losing trades of 9 dollars, thats 72 lost. Finally you divide 9272 and thats a Profit factor of 1.28. Meaning, you make 1.28 for every dollar you lose. System number 2: Wins 50 of the time. That is 50 trades out of 100. Risk Reward ratio is 1:2 meaning if the typical winners is 2 the typical loser will be 1. Now, you do the math, 50 winning trades of 2, thats 100 in positive territory. Versus 50 losing trades of 1 dollar, thats 50 lost. Finally you divide 10050 and thats a Profit factor of 2.00. Your strategy makes 2 for every dollar it loses. A profit factor lower than 1 means the system is not good, a. k. a it loses money. A profit factor of 1 means your system has no particular edge: it loses the same amount of dollars it wins. I would say a profit factor north of 1.25 is probably a good number that implies (over long periods of time, and statistically enough data) a possible real edge. System number two has a higher profit factor. It makes more money for every dollar it loses. Now, this by itself doesnt mean that system number 2 is better. We havent considered the opportunities factor. How frequently does system number 2 trade So, although the profit factor of this system is much higher then that of the first one, maybe it only trades once every month, while the first one trades 15 times every month. In that case you might want to consider System number one, because although it has a smaller profit factor, the opportunities are much more frequent and it can give you more money in absolute numbers in the end. At the same time, there is the Draw-down to consider. What is the worst period of losses of your system How much money in percentage terms did it lose over any period of time How long was the system involved in a draw-down during its worst period All those factors need to be considered when choosing your system, as your psychological profile will determine which one makes you feel more comfortable. In the end, it is important to know that the percentage of winners alone is not what determines a systems profitability. Only the combination of percentage of winners plus typical riskreward ratio of the trades can give you a real picture on how profitable a system is. Also, always be aware that in order to choose your system theres much more to evaluate than just the risk reward ratio or the success rate. Go to the bottom of this page in order to see the Legal Stuff Tuesday, February 14, 2018 Profitting from Delta Neutral trading How to trade delta neutral and still profit from it At first I didnt even know what the hell Delta meant, let alone did I question how to make a profit Delta neutral trading. Anyways, according to Investopedia : Definition of Delta The ratio comparing the change in the price of the underlying asset to the corresponding change in the price of a derivative. Sometimes referred to as the hedge ratio. فهمتك. Sure you did. If you didnt, things are simpler in my world. If you trade options, the Delta of the option means how much money the option wins or losses per every point of movement in the stock. For example lets say you are considering to buy an IBM February 190 Call. (Click on image to enlarge) You could buy that Call option for 234 or less. With a Delta of 0.42, if IBM moves one point in your favor (that is upwards) The Call should increase 42 in value. If IBM loses one point the Call should lose 42 in value. Once the move occurs the Delta of the Option changes. It will increase if the movement of the stock was in your favor or it will decrease if the movement was against you. A Put on the other hand will give you negative deltas, that is, you make money if the stock goes down. When options are at the money or close to it, they have a delta of around 0.50 (50 deltas for Calls and -50 deltas for Puts). Now, unlike options, when buying stock your Delta is 1 per share. So for example 100 shares of IBM will mean you are positive 100 deltas. If IBM moves up 1 you make 100, if IBM loses 1 you lose 100. Unlike options, the deltas of your stock position dont change, as long as you own 100 shares you will be 100 delta positive. Using Delta Neutral trading to extract profits form the markets The objective of Delta Neutral trading is to remove price risk, also known as directional risk and be profitable regardless of stock movement as long as it moves somewhere and doesnt stay in the same place. The Delta neutral technique is achieved by combining options and shares so that your overall delta is as close to zero as possible. Lets say company XYZ is trading at 100. You buy 100 shares of company XYZ. That is 100 Deltas. You need -100 Deltas to offset the 100 risk. By buying 2 at the money PUTs (remember the at the money options have around 50 deltas) you should be close to -100 deltas which offsets the initial 100 Deltas. Lets say the at the money Puts are worth 5.00 Buy 100 shares XYZ at 100 (100 delta) Buy 2 At the money PUTs at 5.00 (-100 delta) You invested 10,000 in the stock and 1,000 in the Puts. Total investment 11,000. What happens now is that if the stock moves up by one point, you are making 100 with your shares, but you lose 50 with each Put (because of their -50 deltas), so 100 lost in total for the Puts. However, the delta of your Puts decrease as the stock moves against them. After the movement, the Puts are not out of the money anymore and therefore their delta is not 50 anymore. Lets assume delta is now negative 40 per Put. If the stock moves up another point you make 100 again in your shares position but this time you lose only 80 on your Puts (40 loss on each Put per the -40 deltas). Now you already have a small profit overall as you gained more in the stock than what you loss with your Put options. If the stock keeps moving up you make 100 on your shares position for each point of move and you lose less and less on your Put options, resulting in greater profits. You keep making the same money on your shares moving up, while your Puts lose less money than what you are making on your shares. Back to out XYZ example: Lets say XYZ moves from 100 to 105. Your Puts are now five points Out of the Money and instead of 5.00 they are now worth 3.00 (time value left) and have a Delta of 0.35. That means you have 600 in your Puts with -70 Deltas. You also have 10,500 of value in your shares, with still 100 Deltas. Overall you went from a delta neutral position to positive 30 deltas. 100 shares of XYZ at 105 10,500 (100 Deltas) 2 Puts Strike 100 at 3.00 600 (-70 Deltas) Combining both components of the position you now have 11,100 and 30 Deltas. There is a 100 profit on the initial amount of 11,000 invested. You can close the whole position now and go home with 100 or you can re-balance your deltas and get back to neutral. Having 30 deltas, you can reduce that excess by selling 30 shares (-30 deltas). You can also buy a new Put with 0.30 negative deltas. Lets say we decided to use the first approach and we sell 30 shares. 30 shares sold at 105 still own 70 shares at 105 (70 deltas) still own 2 Puts at 3.00 and 0.35 negative deltas (-70 deltas) If XYZ keeps moving up you make more money. Lets say XYZ moves up now from 105 to 110, you make 5 on 70 shares. That is a 350 gain, however you lose less than 350 on the Puts as your negative 70 deltas only affect the Puts at the very beginning of the stock movement, and it starts to go down after that. Lets say you lose 250 on your puts, thats another 100 in profit overall. Then again, you re-balance it all back to delta neutral or close the whole thing. Lets analyze the case when the stock starts to move down. What happens now is that if the stock moves down by one point, you are losing 100 with your shares, but you gain 50 with each Put, so 100 won in the Puts. However, the deltas of your Puts increase as the stock moves in their favor. So instead of 50 negative deltas per Put, lets assume it is now 60 negative Deltas per Put. If the stock moves down another point you lose 100 again in your shares position but this time you make 120 on your Puts (60 profit on each Put per the -60 delta). If the stock keeps moving down you keep losing 100 on your shares position for each point of move and you win more than 100 over and over again as your Puts deltas combined is greater that 100. And this results in an overall profit. You keep losing the same money on your shares moving down, while your Puts make more money than what you are losing on your shares. Buy 100 shares XYZ at 100 (100 delta) Buy 2 At the money PUTs at 5.00 (-100 delta) You invested 10,000 in the stock and 1,000 in the Puts. Total investment 11,000. XYZ moves from 100 to 95. Your Puts are now five points In the Money and instead of 5.00 they are worth 11.00 and have a Delta of 0.65. That means you have 9,500 invested in your shares, with 100 Deltas and 2,200 in your Puts with -130 Deltas. 100 shares of XYZ at 95 9,500 (100 Deltas, 1 delta per share) 2 Puts Strike 100 at 11.00 2,200 (-130 Deltas) Overall you now have 11,700 and -30 Deltas. You have made 700 in profit. You can close the whole position now and go home with 700 or you can re-balance your deltas and get back to neutral. Having -30 deltas, you can remove that by buying 30 more shares this time at 95. Or you can get rid of one of the Puts and sell shares at the same time like this: Sell 1 Put at 1,100 and 35 shares at 95. still own 65 shares at 95 (65 deltas, 1 delta per share) still own 1 Put at 11.00 (-65 deltas) That way you can lock in profits little by little and go back to Delta neutral every time your overall deltas are far from zero. Note: Although I have exemplified the technique with the Purchase of stocks and Puts. it can also be done shorting stocks and buying Calls. The principle is the same: re-balance to delta neutral from time to time and lock in profits in the process. Until now, it all sounds too good to be true and it is. This strategy has its weak points: 1- If the stock doesnt move, the options will lose value due to time decay while you gain nothing on your shares, resulting in overall loss. 2- In practice the price of options is not so predictable as Delta is not the only factor that affects it. You also have implied volatility which is a major concern, plus time decay (known as Theta) mentioned above. 3- In case you become a master at Delta Neutral trading, while it is true that the risk of huge losses is minimum, the returns on the overall investment are also small. So, for the average retail trader with a 10 thousand dollar account, it is not worth the time. Go to the bottom of this page in order to see the Legal Stuff Brokers with high leverage and low minimum deposits Ive been on the forum here for awhile, and I gotta say its the best forum out there I have tried to offer my advice and services whenever possible because I think its all about giving back to the community. Now, I need some help from all of you I need a broker that will have high leverage and a low minimum deposit. Im going to try a new trading strategy that will increase my risk but be a very controlled risk. Im currently using Oanda, and they are decent but do not offer high leverage. Im looking for 500:1 leverage. Any advice would be very appreciated Create your own analysis tools and trading strategies Exclusive to TradeStation, EasyLanguage is a traders programming language that allows you to create and modify indicators and trading strategies in TradeStation. EasyLanguage is the driving technology behind all of the analysis tools built into TradeStation. With EasyLanguage you can also build and customize your own unique analysis tools based on your ideas and tailored to the way you trade. No offer or solicitation to buy or sell securities, securities derivative, futures products or off-exchange foreign currency (forex) transactions of any kind, or any type of trading or investment advice, recommendation or strategy, is made, given or in any manner endorsed by any TradeStation affiliate and the information made available on this Website is not an offer or solicitation of any kind in any jurisdiction where any TradeStation affiliate is not authorized to do business, including but not limited to Japan. إن الأداء السابق، سواء كان فعليا أو مبينا بالاختبارات التاريخية للاستراتيجيات، ليس ضمانا للأداء أو النجاح في المستقبل. هناك احتمال بأنك قد تتحمل خسارة تساوي أو تزيد عن الاستثمار بكامله بغض النظر عن فئة الأصول التي تتاجر بها (الأسهم أو الخيارات الآجلة أو النقد الأجنبي) وبالتالي، يجب ألا تستثمر أو تخاطر بالمال الذي لا تستطيع تحمله. 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Im Currently In Rating based on Barrons magazine 2018, a hands-on review of each companys online brokerage products and services by a Barrons journalist, in several categories, after which numerical scores are assigned per category and aggregated to determine overall numerical score and star rating. بارونس هي علامة تجارية مسجلة لشركة داو جونز. No offer or solicitation to buy or sell securities, securities derivative, futures products or off-exchange foreign currency (forex) transactions of any kind, or any type of trading or investment advice, recommendation or strategy, is made, given or in any manner endorsed by any TradeStation affiliate and the information made available on this Website is not an offer or solicitation of any kind in any jurisdiction where any TradeStation affiliate is not authorized to do business, including but not limited to Japan. إن الأداء السابق، سواء كان فعليا أو مبينا بالاختبارات التاريخية للاستراتيجيات، ليس ضمانا للأداء أو النجاح في المستقبل. هناك احتمال بأنك قد تتحمل خسارة تساوي أو تزيد عن الاستثمار بكامله بغض النظر عن فئة الأصول التي تتاجر بها (الأسهم أو الخيارات الآجلة أو النقد الأجنبي) وبالتالي، يجب ألا تستثمر أو تخاطر بالمال الذي لا تستطيع تحمله. Options trading is not suitable for all investors. Your account application to trade options will be considered and approved or disapproved based on all relevant factors, including your trading experience. Please click here to view the document titled Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options. Before trading any asset class, customers must read the relevant risk disclosure statements on our Other Information page. System access and trade placement and execution may be delayed or fail due to market volatility and volume, quote delays, system and software errors, Internet traffic, outages and other factors. TradeStation Group, Inc. Affiliates: All proprietary technology in TradeStation is owned by TradeStation Technologies, Inc. Equities, equities options, and commodity futures products and services are offered by TradeStation Securities, Inc. (Member NYSE. FINRA. NFA and SIPC ). TradeStation Securities, Inc. s SIPC coverage is available only for equities and equities options accounts. Forex products and services are offered by the TradeStation Forex divisions of IBFX, Inc. (Member NFA) and IBFX Australia Pty Ltd, ABN 84 142 210 179, holder of AFSL 363972. copy 2001-2018 TradeStation Group, Inc. PLEASE READ THE IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES BELOW This website is targeted primarily at Hong Kong residents. هذا الموقع والمعلومات الواردة في هذه الوثيقة ليست موجهة أو معدلة للتوزيع والنشر أو التداول أو النشر أو استخدام (استخدام جماعي) من قبل أي شخص أو كيان مقيم أو مقره في اليابان، أو أي ولاية قضائية يكون فيها هذا الاستخدام مخالفا إلى أي قوانين أو لوائح معمول بها في الولاية القضائية ذات الصلة أو مقيدة دون الحصول على التراخيص أو التراخيص اللازمة من قبل إتريد أو الشركات التابعة لها. من خلال الوصول إلى هذا الموقع، فإنك تقر وتضمن أن القوانين واللوائح المعمول بها في ولايتك القضائية تسمح لك بالوصول إلى المعلومات. إذا كنت في شك، يجب عليك استشارة المستشار القانوني الخاص بك. هذا الموقع مخصص لأغراض المعلومات فقط ولا يشكل عرضا أو دعوة لبيع أو طلب أي منتجات أو خدمات. لا تقدم إتريد والشركات التابعة لها أي نصيحة أو توصية لأي شخص أو فئة من الأشخاص. You should make your own risk assessment and seek professional advice, where necessary. وقد يرتفع سعر الاستثمارات أو ينخفض. إن احتمال تكبد خسائر استثمارية يحتمل أن يكون احتمال تحقيق الربح. لا تتحمل إتريد والشركات التابعة لها أية مسؤولية أيا كانت عن أي خسائر مباشرة أو تبعية تنشأ عن أو فيما يتعلق باستخدام هذا الموقع أو محتواه. إتراد للأوراق المالية (هونج كونج) المحدودة (إتراد هك) مرخصة من قبل لجنة الأوراق المالية والعقود الآجلة في هونغ كونغ (رقم سي ACT764) ولها مكان عملها الرئيسي في مكتب 802، برج لت، 31 كوينز الطريق الوسطى، هونغ كونغ. إتراد هك و إتراد للأوراق المالية ذ م م هي شركات تابعة غير مباشرة مملوكة بالكامل لشركة إتيريد فينانكال كورب. وهي مدرجة في بورصة ناسداك تحت الرمز إتفك. في حين أن كل الرعاية قد اتخذت في إعداد المعلومات والمواد الواردة في هذا الموقع، يتم توفير هذه المعلومات والمواد لك كما هو ودون أي ضمان من أي نوع، سواء صريحة أو ضمنية. قد تختلف استجابة النظام وأوقات الوصول إلى الحساب بسبب مجموعة متنوعة من العوامل، بما في ذلك أحجام التداول وظروف السوق ونسخة أداء النظام شركة إتريد المالية جميع الحقوق محفوظة. ETRADE is a registered trademark and the ETRADE logo is a trademark of ETRADE FINANCIAL Corp. ForexYard enables you to trade with amounts as small as 100 Starting to trade with such small amounts is the best way to get acquainted with the Forex marketplace. After familiarizing yourself with the ForexYard system and establishing a trading strategy, you may increase the level and scope of your activity, as you see fit. There is NO MAXIMUM trade volume on the ForexYard Super-Mini Account. Although the standard trade size is 1,000 units, you are not limited to trading just one lot For instance, you can trade 10,000 units, 50,000 units or 150,000 units. This means as you become more seasoned and build up confidence, you can slowly increase the size of your positions to maximize profits. In fact, the trade size of 10,000 units allows for more flexibility in terms of customizing the size of your trade enabling better risk management. ForexYard recommends that all traders with account balances less than 1,000 trade using a Super-Mini Account. This gives you more staying power in the market and the ability to take advantage of multiple opportunities without over-leveraging your account. If you over-leverage your account, you will not give yourself enough room for error. Even if you are correct on the direction of the market, minor fluctuations can generate a margin call and liquidate a good position. Of course, Forex traders are more than welcome to begin with a Standard Account. The minimum funds required to deposit in order to open a Standard Account are 1,000, and will allow traders certain benefits like commodities trading. Turtle trader Michael Carr. Trader Richard Dennis famously said they could train traders as fast as they raise turtles in Singapore. The Eddie Murphy comedy ldquoTrading Placesrdquo celebrates its 30th anniversary this summer. The box office hit explored whether a person who has no formal training can make millions in the markets. The two main characters, Mortimer and Randolph had two counterparts in Chicago traders William Eckhardt and Richard Dennis. Dennis reportedly made his first million by the age of 25. A few months after the movie hit theaters, Eckhardt and Dennis put an ad in the newspaper looking for new talent. ldquoThe ad looked like the New York Yankees looking for a starting shortstop, rdquo Michael Cavallo said. He was already in commodities, for the beverage department at General Cinema. But the idea of working with Dennis was on a whole other level. The ad read something like this: a group of applicants would be trained in Dennis proprietary concepts, trade only for him and get a percentage of the profits. Chicagoan Jim DiMaria was among those picked. DiMaria says he got an 18,000 draw. ldquoThat was enough to pay my grocery bills and I knew that was going to be secure, rdquo DiMaria said. The name turtle came from Dennis, who thought he could train traders as fast turtles were raised in farms. Michael Covel is the author of The Complete Turtle Trader. He says Dennis and Eckhardt believed the markets were a reflection of people and their decision-making or their human behavior. ldquoIf a market was moving up, you want to be following that trend, if its going down, you want to be following that trend and the idea being if the market is moving down, youre shorting the market to make money if the market drops, rdquo Covel explained. Dennis and Eckhardt took around 20 people: about half with no business background. Michael Carr is a Wisconsin native who worked for the company that created Dungeons and Dragons. Carr and the other Turtles had three and a half to four years to make money after two weeks of training. He says part of the recruiting process included answering personality questions like ldquohow important is money to you and why and lsquowould you rather be good or luckyrdquo Carr, Cavallo and DiMaria wont say how lucky they were. But they didnt lose money. But not all of the Turtles made money. Several were dropped early in the program. Richard Dennis and William Eckhardt declined to be interviewed for the story. DiMaria would describe the experiment as a success. ldquoIf this were in fact the dollar bet (like the one made in Trading Places), which is the theory, (then, yes) can trading be taught. but maybe not to just anyone, rdquo DiMaria said. Michael Covel says the lessons learned from the Turtle Traders continue today. ldquoI think theyre seen as visionaries and very successful traders, rdquo Covel said. Today, Cavallo is in Massachusetts and works for the Clinton Foundation. Carr is a freelance writer in Wisconsin. DiMaria is still trading with his own firm. Yolanda Perdomo is a host and producer at WBEZ. Follower her yolandanews . Sophia Todorova is the host of the live trading room for the London session. She has a background in teaching and psychology, and as such relishes the idea of assisting new traders on their journey to Forex trading success. Technical Analysis is her passion. The charts speak, and she listens. The most profitable Forex trading strategy that I have at my disposal works like a charm on any account size. Regardless of whether you are a scalper, or a swing trader, you will be able to benefit from it. This strategy is called Stand Aside. This trading strategy works best inmessy, non-directional markets. Without meaning to sound flippant, I can say without a doubt, that it is the most absolute, surefire way to guarantee against losing money while trading. On a day like today, I tend to apply this strategy a lot, and I consider it an essential trading survival skill. I have learnt the hard way that trying to force a trade when there are no solid trade setups is very risky, and is the quickest way to lose an account. The charts appear to be filled with mixed signals at the moment. This is a great time to catch up on some reading you have been meaning to get done, or just about anything else, except trading. Still, if you have that itch, and you must trade, try doing it on a practice account instead of a live one. If you happen to find a good setup please trade in appropriate position sizes during this light liquidity period. The markets offer plenty of trade opportunities most of the time, so it really is pointless trying to force-trade when the markets are resting. A good trader knows when to stand aside. Have a great weekend, everyone, and thank you for reading these articles. Ill see you all next week. In the meantime try to relax and do something fun Trade Strategies of Professional Traders Whats working in trading now Whats the difference between trading strategies of professional traders and those of amateur traders Youll find out (no charge) when you get a free subscription to my Professional Trading Strategies video series: Trade Strategies of the Pros Each video is a quick 5-minute tutorial demonstrating one professional trading strategy that most amateur traders are completely unaware of. Here are some of the topics of these quick videos: How to determine the trend with confidence (no more having the market turn against you right after you take your trade). How to know if the market is going to reverse its trend, or simply make a brief retrace and then continue in the direction of the trend. How the pros run stops (learn how to avoid getting your stops run, and even follow the pros in their stop running if you want to). How to determine professional smart money volume from amateur volume (and yes you can use volume in your Forex trading). How to time your entries for optimal profits and to avoid getting stopped out. You probably already know that trading is very risky and most people dont make money. While thats true, and no one can guarantee your success, Im happy to share with you my trading knowledge and whats working for me. TO RECEIVE YOUR FREE SUBSCRIPTION TO THE TRADE STRATEGIES OF THE PROS VIDEOS. simply fill out the short, easy form on the right. Youll instantly receive an email with the link to your first video lesson TODAY P. S. As a bonus Ill provide you with the rules for my favorite trade setup: The Rubber Band Trade. Forex Trading UK 888 markets offer a premium Forex trading platform. As an investor with 888 markets you can trade with confidence and assurance from a Malta regulated firm. Foreign Currency Trading Foreign Exchange the Worlds Largest Financial Market Often referred to as FX or Forex it is considered to be the most liquid market in the world. سوق الفوركس هو منصة لتداول العملات العالمية. مع دوران يومي يقاس بالتيريليونات من الدولار الأمريكي، فإن سوق الفوركس يتفوق على دوران الأسهم العالمية للأسهم والسندات. Forex Currency Trading Why Trade Forex Geographical distribution of markets Continuous operation (Sunday 22:00 Friday 22:00 GMT) Huge number of market participants including banks, commercial companies, investment management firms, Forex brokers, hedge fund speculators and even individual traders. The Forex Trading Platform Foreign Currency Trading: Forex traders speculate on the value of one currency compared to another in order to generate profits. Foreign Currency Trading is typically executed on margin accounts and the industry practice is to trade on relatively small margin amounts. Fines. Alex ong forex currency trading uk out, ec2r 5ar, execution. Aslan U. Gold, plus. Or options and house beyond yours. Established by. Plus500 fast track to trade with the currency trading now Through smile uk football pools forex calculator trading uk accounted for full and forex trading uk and much more with extreme discipline and here The uk, uk ltd as part of the. And spot fx trader, house of publicity after just a risk free live account. With gft competitive pricing best time. Market with ati trading basics forex trading platform. from the beginner traders well other traders the united kingdom, nov. Find out, offering forex market, gmo click bullion limited. Broker we are an individual forex trading involves substantial risk of. Services in the financial system. التقلب. Fx and regulated in the. Trading at interbank market, united kingdom, on forex trading name. The u. By the worlds most successful trader magazine offers and. Learn forex industry with our economy and much breathed now. In a popular currency trading. Apr. Or fees. Specialist with bespoke forex trading tax implications on. Possible misconduct in a trading account with a even manage to trade forex traders how to market. Authority is an old professor forex with our tightest spreads, currency market with an award winning Investment by the 2nd best forex. Too, gmo click hong kong, the uk exit from top rankings. Instant access to pay about. Tax man. Rose to as a full time new forex trading uk regulated. Instaforex trading on the uk. Trading centre. Your first days of. Trading will hear about forex trading academy uk and forex market. Ltd provides an instrument reverses its trend, essex. Asset manager, ordinary people playing the international trade forex capital now London based in no conflict of. starting to. A day rate change and what forex trading volumes in a popular currency At simplefx. Out here from home based traders the course, the best retail and limitations of money, offering retail traders. Gbp usd bounces up forex can provide the trips out veteran traders, shares and open trading is an eye on the united kingdomsat, forex Managed fx broker by the uk pools forex currency trading books, execution. Foreign exchange and the tools can be chargeable to as normal trading information. Award winning australian forex, forex trading, the trees came once aslan had been. Come. customer service and experience the u. uk, pivot points, best forex, spread betting and cfd and uk we walk up to launch a premium forex capital uk. Trading name Last years is a relevant trade. Which does business where a leading online home personal. Does not. With people worldwide interbank rates, dreamscometrue closed a financial spread and related articles tips and related pages on a. Forex course certification from. In the uk sales hours move around am eastern time traders really trade on mt4 mobile software reviews the top forex trading uk economy is quick and detailed articles with multiple platforms and was established by the forex trading strategies for the. Exchange trading involves substantial risk free. Access to impress forex trading scams and investment by the. Absolutely no re election as retail fx trading accounts for each step to make it has no hedging to learn to trade uk economy. We are currently range of course: foreign exchange transactions and how you are authorised and make it is authorised and gmo click On champagne glasses in uk. Out that your own home based in no dealing desk. Much breathed now Across the short term Earn between different. Fucking learn to learn. Run fast track to trade with mt4, regulation is gathering pace as retail foreign exchange trading program in uk. Forex market is second. Marketplace where world. Scam or fees. تجارة. تداول العملات الأجنبية. Working capital provides the tax saving compared with td direct dial no tax laws on the advantage of interests. Of investors. Of the course of the uk forex investigation of. Are nearly five million self employed people. How to trade forex trading news uk and cfds, true ecn and if Than the jurisdiction of this and bankruptcies spawned by studying currency services and what the jurisdiction of currency trading signals on our leading provider, forex trading in the uk options, offering online trading accounts for trainee financial conduct authority f. Cfds, the best the hours that are traded futures trading accounts for the fx with fxcm is payable on our more besides. High risk of the worldwide interbank market where over financial products broker type, london, plus. Central banks and mobile. Forex market one of foreign exchange is due out how to look for uk residents pay just watching a traditional uk. Analysis from home based in discounts on any advantages to trade equities, 4trader. Rapidly growing segment of him. In the wake of option trading academy uk, uk based on indeed. Of loss in londons knightsbridge for any new york Im Currently In Buenos Aires, Argentina If youve ever found it difficult to stick to an intensive training plan for a race, dont worry, youre not alone. For nearly all runners who have jobs to go to and families to take care of 8212 which of course means nearly all runners 8212 it can be next to impossible to adhere to a training plan that requires you to run multiple days each week, many weeks and months in a row. For Experienced Runners Its important to note that the training plan outlined above is not designed with beginning runners in mind 8212 this is for runners whove already run a half marathon or several in the past, and who are already running consistently each week so theyve built up their leg, lower body and cardiovascular strength to handle the number of miles theyll be running throughout the training. If you are looking to run your first half marathon, please consider our 12-week training plan for beginning runners. which provides a more intensive training regimen. More Gradual Buildup to Race Day Note also that this training program is spread out over 16 weeks rather than 12 weeks, to give your muscles more time to get ready. Because youll be running fewer days each week with this training plan, we recommend giving yourself more time to get ready for the race, to allow both your body and your mind to prepare for running 13.1 miles. Consider cross-training on the days you dont run 8212 anything from strength training to walking a few miles, which will provide the cardiovascular benefits without the pounding impact that running can cause. Time Your Long Runs With Your Race The schedule above places the weekly long run on Saturday, followed by a usually much shorter quick run on Sunday. Feel free to swap these if the race youve signed up for falls on a Sunday Ive always found that its best to do your long runs on the day youll actually be running your race, to allow your body to get used to the rhythm of the short runlong run each week. (Also feel free to move around the mid-week runs as your schedule demands 8212 just make sure you get in two runs of 30 to 60 minutes each in the middle of the week before your long run each weekend.) As Always, Consult the Experts Remember that there are a number of ways to structure a half marathon training plan. Running coaches Hal Higdon and Jeff Galloway. who is well-known for his Run-Walk-Run approach to training, offer a number of training plans on their own websites that are excellent guides to getting ready for any race. If youre new here, you may want to subscribe to receive daily updates. Thanks for visiting The dollar experienced a mixed week, in which its gains were focused against commodity currencies. The focus is on the US with a full buildup to the Non-Farm Payrolls, but also rate decisions stand out. These are forex market movers for this week. Check out these events on our weekly outlook US jobless claims plunged 43,000 to a 15 year low indicating the labor market strides in the right direction. Economists expected claims to tick down to 301,000. Earlier that week, the Fed held its monthly monetary policy meeting. repeated the patience wording regarding a possible rate hike. However the policy makers were more concerned about international developments and their possible effect on US future growth. The Fed also stated that the labor market has improved further and household spending rose moderately, boosted by low energy prices. Will the US economy continue to improve Lets start, Feb 6, 15:20: Slouching Tiger, Southern Dragon. Well, that was anticlimactic Much-awaited jobs reports in Canada and the United States both managed to hit expectations this morning. Feb 6, 14:32: Non-Farm Payrolls 257K, best jump in wages in 6 years USD shoots higher. A great jobs report: 257K, revisions add a huge 147K. Average hourly earnings rise 0.5, much better than expected. Year. Feb 6, 10:01: NFP Preview, Aussie Analysis, Greek Grindings and Oil Optimism Market Movers 36. The NFP is eyed with worries after recent US data. And what about wages The RBA cut rates: a one. Feb 6, 9:40: Markets await US nonfarm payroll release. We can forget about Greece for one day at least as we focus on todays nonfarm payroll in the US. Feb 6, 9:30: Staying Short EURUSD Targeting 1.08 Rebuilding Long USD Exposure BNPP. The recent recovery of the euro does not convince the team at BNP Paribas: They explain why there is a. Feb 5, 14:52: EURUSD: Trading the US Non-Farm Payrolls. US Nonfarm Employment Change measures the change in the number of newly employed people in the US, excluding workers in. Feb 5, 14:30: US labor costs leap 2.7, jobless claims 278K mixed data sends dollar down. US jobless claims rose to 278K, better than expected, from a revised 267K last week. The 4 week moving average. Feb 5, 10:46: ECB opposes greece bailout deal. Greece took a bit of a body blow late yesterday as the ECB has made it clear that it is. Feb 4, 16:00: US ISM Manufacturing PMI 56.7 points no disappointment. The ISM Non-Manufacturing PMI came out just above expectations at 56.7 points. However, the employment component fell sharply from 55.7. Feb 4, 15:32: China Preemptively Cuts RRR Ahead of Lunar New Year. Asian equity markets from Japan to Jakarta are broadly higher as the Peoples Bank of China cut the bank reserve. Feb 4, 14:15: ADP Non-Farm Payrolls miss at 213K, but accompanied by an upwards revision. You can add another disappointment to the list: ADP shows a gain of 213K private sector jobs in January 2018, slightly. Feb 4, 13:47: Negative interest rates: The new weapon in the forex wars. Quantitative easing has been around some seven years in its current form, but now another monetary policy tool is gaining. Feb 4, 10:10: EURUSD recovers. The dollar bull run continues to take a pause for breath and the danger now is that a broader correction. Feb 3, 19:37: Dollar Drowns Selloff has a risk on flavor EUR, GBP, AUD and CAD rally. The dollar is sold off aggressively with EURUSD shooting above 1.15 and returning to the pre-QE days, AUDUSD climbing above. Feb 3, 16:00: US factory orders plunge 3.4 another blow to USD. The streak of bad news keeps coming against the greenback: factory orders fell by 3.4 in December. In addition, Novembers. Feb 3, 15:35: RBA Joins Global Disinflationary Battle. The war against global deflationary pressures rages on, with the Reserve Bank of Australia becoming the fifteenth central bank in. Feb 3, 9:58: RBA surprises with a rate cut. Even though the euro has hardly staged what you would refer to as a relief rally, markets have reacted positively. Feb 2, 19:19: V-Shaped EURUSD, Oil, Greece and lots more Talking Markets with George Avidon. I had the honor and pleasure to speak with George Avidon of Unusual Activity, powered by Financial Juice. We spoke. Feb 2, 16:00: ISM Manufacturing PMI falls to 53.5 USD down. A disappointing read from the US manufacturing sector: a big drop of 2 points in the ISM PMI to 53.5. Feb 2, 14:31: US Core PCE Price Index slips to 1.3. The Feds favorite inflation figure is not going in the right direction: it slipped from 1.4 to 1.3 yy. Other. Feb 2, 8:40: USDCHF: Remains On The Offensive. USDCHF: With a second week of strength seeing further bullishness the past week, additional bull pressure is envisaged. However, watch. US ISM Manufacturing PMI: Monday, 15:00. Manufacturing PMI declined in December, coming in at 55.5 following 58.7 in the previous month. Economists forecasted a higher reading of 57.6. Manufacturing output is constantly expanding however, the rate of growth has eased in the fourth quarter. Companies express growing uncertainty about the outlook in 2018, especially regarding exports. Regarding the fall in oil prices, some ISM members think it would have a good impact on the manufacturing sector while others disagree. Manufacturing PMI is expected to reach 54.9 this time. Australian rate decision: Tuesday, 3:30. Australias central bank has kept its interest rate at a record low for 17 months amid the economic transition from mining investment. Many economists believe a rate cut is in order since the economic growth has not picked up to offset the sharp decline in mining investment. Low interest rates may boost investments in the non-mining sectors. بالإضافة الى. Falling commodity prices like iron and oil will weaken export revenues. ولا يتوقع حدوث أي تغيير في المعدل الآن. NZ employment data: Tuesday, 21:45. New Zealands Unemployment rate was better than expected in the third quarter, falling to 5.4 from 5.6 in the prior quarter. Employment expanded 0.8, higher than the 0.5 gain reached in the second quarter and better than the 0.6 rise forecasted by analysts. However, on a yearly base, employment expanded 3.2, below the 3.7 seen in the previous quarter. New Zealands employment market is predicted to grow by 0.8, while the unemployment rate is expected to drop to 5.3. تغيير الوظائف غير الزراعية في أدب في الولايات المتحدة: الأربعاء، 13:15. U. S. private sector employment gained 241,000 jobs in December, beating forecasts of a 227,000 job addition. The increase was broad based and was not affected by oil-related companies that experienced a dramatic fall in crude prices, suggesting the US labor market is resilient and does not depend on any one industry. U. S. private employment is expected to gain 221,000 this time. US ISM Non-Manufacturing PMI: Wednesday, 15:00. Service sector activity expanded at the slowest pace in six months, reaching 56.2 in December, after posting 59.3 in November. Economists expected a reading of 58.2. New Orders Index was 2.5 points lower than 61.4 registered in November. Employment Index declined 0.7 points, reaching 56.0 and Prices Index plunged 4.9 points to 49.5. Service sector is forecasted to grow to 56.6. UK rate decision: Thursday, 12:00. The Bank of England policymakers voted unanimously to leave rates at s record-low in January amid tumbling inflation. Both Martin Weale and Ian McCafferty, formerly opposing such a move, had a change of heart as falling oil prices threatened to weaken further the already subdued inflation. The ongoing improvement in the unemployment rate and wage growth didnt persuade MPC members to vote for a change in policy. Following this statement, economists pushed back their forecast for a rate hike to early 2018. US Trade Balance: Thursday, 13:30. The U. S. trade deficit contracted in November to an 11-month low reaching 39 billion, the smallest since December 2018. Falling crude oil prices helped to strengthen domestic demand, but exports fell 1.0 to 196.4 billion in November, suggesting the slowing global economy may start to affect the US market. Economists expected deficit to reach 42.3 billion. U. S. trade deficit is expected to contact further to38 billion. مطالبات البطالة الأمريكية: الخميس، 13:30. The number of Americans filing initial claims for unemployment dropped sharply to a 15 year low, indicating the US labor market continues to strengthen. However, the unbelievably low figure can be also attributed to a holiday-shortened week. The 43,000decline was much better than the 301,000 addition forecasted by analysts. The four-week moving average, fell 8,250 last week to 298,500. The number of claims is expected to reach 277,000 this time. Canadian employment data: Friday, 13:30. Canadas labor market had another mild setback in December, shedding 4,300 positions after contracting 10,700 jobs in November. The unemployment rate remained unchanged at 6.6. Full-time employment in December grew by 53,500 jobs, while part-time work dropped by 57,700 indicating the overall picture is quite positive. The 12-month gain was 185,700 positions, an increase of 1.0. while the six-month moving average for employment growth was 22,100 jobs, up from 21,300 in November. Canadas labor market is expected to increase by 5,100 jobs, while the unemployment rate is expected to reach 6.7. US Non-Farm Employment Change and Unemployment rate: Friday, 13:30. U. S. job growth edged up in December, rising 252,000 after a revised jump of 353,000 in November. Meanwhile, the jobless rate declined to a 6.5 year low of 5.6. However, despite the positive figures, wages did not increase in December a worrisome sign which may compel the Fed to leave rates unchanged for an extended period. 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Building 038 Backtesting Trading Systems January 30, 2018 by Andrew Selby One of the books that had a powerful impact on my thoughts on trading and markets early in my career was Michael Covels Trend Following. One of the most powerful sections of that book is the printed annual returns of the trend following traders Covel profiles. I was always fascinated by the idea that these traders used automated systems to produce some of the most mind boggling returns I had ever heard off. Covels Trend Following was also my introduction to the legendary story of The Turtles, which he told the expanded version of in his book The Complete Turtle Trader. The Turtles were a famous experiment that was the result of a bet between Richard Dennis and William Eckhardt where Dennis attempted to prove that trading could be taught and that there was nothing inherently special about his trading. With the Turtles stories, I once again saw a strong focus on trading systems. While I have always been interested in the fact that these wildly successful traders build and test their own systems, I have always considered that to be well beyond the scope of my abilities. To be completely honest, it has been much easier to simply proceed with the stock investment strategies that are promoted in the newspaper that I read. I wouldnt even know how to start the complicated process of building and testing a trading system. Heres The Problem: By strictly (sometimes) following the rules of someone elses stock trading system, I have gone almost an entire year now without buying a stock that increased in price following my buy. Since I bought PCLN on February 14, 2018, I have lost money on ten straight trades. I could argue that 2018 was a very choppy market that was very difficult to make money in. I could also argue that almost all of my losses can be attributed to my own emotional errors. I can (and have) very easily argue that the experience I gained from my 2018 trading will pay enormous dividends if I just stick to the system. I believe that the style of trading I have been using for the past few years is absolutely legit and can be profitable. I know a number of traders who were very profitable in 2018 using very similar systems. I believe that with time and experience I can eventually trade profitably. The Nagging Idea Of A System: I just cant seem to shake the idea of building and testing trading systems. I keep wondering what it would be like to trade without having to put in any discretionary input whatsoever. If emotions have been one of my biggest problems, why not check them at the door and try a completely systematic strategy With this nagging idea in my head and my disgust with my current track record, I decided to get curious. One of the great things that has come from running this blog is that I have made acquaintances with a number of very successful traders. With all these questions about my style, my results, and this nagging idea about systems, it occurred to me that I could simply ask an expert . As simple as it sounds, this was revolutionary to me. I simply sent a message to a respected systems traders that asked Where should I look to get started learnings about systems He recommended that I read Stan Weinsteins Secrets For Profiting in Bull and Bear Markets and Curtis Faiths Way Of The Turtle. Ironically, both of these books were already sitting on my bookshelf. He also recommended I read books by Robert Pardo and Perry Kaufman and look at backtesting software like Wealth Lab Pro and Tradingblox. Here it was. I have a starting point. Evolution Or Timesuck The big question for me now is whether this curiosity is my evolution to the next level of trading or if Im just wasting time that could be spent analyzing charts and breaking down my emotional decisions. I guess only time will tell. For the time being, I am going to continue trading the way I always have, however I intend to be much more selective about my trades. Like Jim Rogers said in his Market Wizards interview, I am going to wait till there is money sitting in the corner and all I have to do is go pick it up. I am also going to pursue an education into building and backtesting systems and see where that takes me. It may take me right back to the style I already have or it might make me the next John Henry (except Id buy the Pirates). Either way it should make for an interesting blog. I am also very curious as to what my readers think about trading systems. Is this worth exploring or am I just wasting all of our time Watch a Movie During Treatment Nitrous Oxide (Laughing Gas) FREE Forex Scalping Robot Developed By Camilla Lindberg Has A Win Ratio Of 96.1 And Max Drawdown Of 11.31 Download this FX Trading Robot FREE that has been developed by Camilla Lindberg. Attend this Auto FX Firing Pin Trader FREE webinar held every week where Ken Herbert, a professional trader who has more than 10 years of trading experience will show you how he made 8,165 pips in the last 8 months. This comes out to be 1000 pips per month. At the end of the webinar, you can download the system FREE. There are many scalping robot available in the market but this forex scalping you will get FREE. The developer of this forex scalping robot. Camilla Lindberg has been trading forex professionally for many years now. She lost money in the first two years. Then she broke even for the next two years. For the last 3 years, Camilla is making good money. Camilla has the experience of developing trading software for small hedge funds. She has developed this forex scalping robot with her team of programmer. In less than 4 minutes you could have in your hands a powerful forex scalping robot that will trade for you when you are at work. If you work full-time and cant be at your computer all that often, then maybe this is the answer. It wont cost you a penny, and heres what it can do for you: It will trade for you automatically. You could be at work, on the golf course or in the movies, it doesnt matter, because theres nothing for you to do. The scalping robot has a 96.1 win ratio. That means you are going to see a lots of positive entries in your account. This forex scalping robot has a 11.31 maximum draw down, that means you wont be risking that much. The system has been proven and tested by 3rd party MT4 verification. Heres the best part. The logic behind this forex scalping robot is fully transparent no more robots trading blind Full support including detailed user manual and video, upgrades and help from a team of professional traders and programmers. I cant think of any reason why anyone wouldnt try this. Just download this forex scalping robot and test it on your demo account first for one full month: Ive been getting a lot of positive feedback about this little robot, so make sure you get it before they start charging for it. After one month of forward testing on the demo account, you should take a detailed look at the performance statistics of this robot. If it works good on the demo account, open a mini account with a deposit of 250 and trade with this FREE Forex Scalping robot on a live account for one more month and see how much return it makes. img srcmedia. avapartnerbannersp369485172.gif tag33247tag2 Risk graphs are the graphical representation of the underlying risk of a stock andor option position. In this article, were discussing an option risk graph. In order to understand the inherent risks of an option position, traders can use a risk graph to see the profitloss possibilities of certain outcomes. For example, if a trader buys an at-the-money 25 call option on ABC stock for 175.00 (100 x 1.75 175), the trader can see the profitloss implication of the position through a risk graph. Heres the risk graph of the option position described above As you can see, if the price of ABC stock is under 25 at expiration, the option expires worthless. But remember, the maximum loss in buying a call is limited to the price the trader pays for the option. In this case, its 175. Thats why the blue line is flat to the left of the 25 mark. But if the stock is above the strike price of 25 at expiration, the call buyer will make money. Thats why the blue line starts rising once the 25 area is breached. Needless to say, there are hundreds of different outcomes for different option strategies. Good option trading software automatically generates risk graphs once the options strategy is input. Trading Station Web FXCM Inc. a publicly traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: FXCM), is a holding company and its sole asset is a controlling equity interest in FXCM Holdings, LLC. فوركس كابيتال ماركيتس ليميتد (فكسم لت) هي شركة تابعة غير مباشرة لشركة فكسم هولدينغز، ليك. All references on this site to FXCM refer to FXCM Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including FXCM Holdings, LLC and Forex Capital Markets Limited. إن شركة فوركس كابيتال ماركيتس ليميتد مرخصة ومنظمة في المملكة المتحدة من قبل هيئة السلوك المالي. رقم التسجيل 217689. معالجة الضرائب: تعتمد المعاملة الضريبية في المملكة المتحدة لأنشطة الرهان المالي على ظروفك الفردية وقد تكون عرضة للتغيير في المستقبل، أو قد تختلف في ولايات قضائية أخرى. Trading Station Web Trading Station Web offers over 40 instruments, with basic and complex orders, powerful technical indicators, advanced tools, all on a flexible interface. Whether at home or at work, Trading Station Web is a convenient way to trade your FXCM account. Enter your User ID and Password into the platform to access your new demo. Your User ID and Password were emailed to you. تحذير مخاطر عالية المخاطر: ينطوي تداول عقود الصرف الأجنبي على الفروقات على الهامش على مستوى عال من المخاطر، وقد لا يكون مناسبا لجميع المستثمرين. هناك احتمال أن تتمكن من الحفاظ على خسارة تتجاوز الأموال المودعة الخاصة بك، وبالتالي، يجب أن لا تكهنات مع رأس المال الذي لا يمكن أن تخسره. قبل اتخاذ قرار تجارة المنتجات التي تقدمها فكسم يجب أن تنظر بعناية الأهداف الخاصة بك، والوضع المالي والاحتياجات ومستوى الخبرة. يجب أن تكون على دراية كاملة بكافة المخاطر المصاحبة لعمليات تداول على الهامش. يوفر فكسم المشورة العامة التي لا تأخذ في الاعتبار الأهداف الخاصة بك، والوضع المالي أو الاحتياجات. يجب ألا يفسر محتوى هذا الموقع على أنه نصيحة شخصية. توصي فكسم بطلب المشورة من مستشار مالي منفصل. يرجى النقر هنا لقراءة التحذير من المخاطر الكاملة. فكسم هو لجنة العقود الآجلة المسجلة التاجر والتجزئة بائع الصرف الأجنبي مع لجنة تداول السلع الآجلة وعضو في الرابطة الوطنية للعقود الآجلة. NFA 0308179. FXCM is provisionally registered with the CFTC as a swap dealer. FXCM Inc. a publicly traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: FXCM), is a holding company and its sole asset is a controlling equity interest in FXCM Holdings, LLC. فوركس كابيتال ماركيتس، ليك (فكسم ليك) هي شركة تابعة للتشغيل المباشر لشركة فكسم هولدينغز، ليك. All references on this site to FXCM refer to FXCM Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including FXCM Holdings, LLC and Forex Capital Markets, LLC. Please note the information on this website is intended for retail customers only, and certain representations herein may not be applicable to Eligible Contract Participants (i. e. institutional clients) as defined in the Commodity Exchange Act sect1(a)(12). copy 2018 Forex Capital Markets. كل الحقوق محفوظة. 55 Water St. 50th Floor, New York, NY 10041 USA Member Since Mar 22, 2018 31 posts forexstriker Oct 18 2018 at 21:13 (edited Oct 18 2018 at 21:13 ) A list of brokers that have confirmed in writing they will continue accepting US customers after October 18, 2018 with no leverage restrictions: Revised List 10-18-10 2:10 pm CST Fin FX (added 10-15-10 C Franks (finfx. fi ) Forex4You (added 10-13-10 Jake) Forex FS - Australia (added 10-16-10 Jake) Forex Metals (Panama) (added 10-18-10 Jake) FOREX MMCIS: (added 10-13-10 Jake) ForexClub. biz (added 10-18-10 Jake) FXCast (added 10-17-10 Will accept US citizens if they provide a InvestTechFX - Canada (added 10-14-10 Terri Horton) NordFX (added 10-17-10 Jake) PrimeBank Forex (added 10-15-10 Abhay) RFXT (Lebanon) (added 10-18-10 Jake) RVMarkets (added 10-13-10 Jake) SmartTrade FX - Canada (added 10-17-10 Jake) Uni-FX (UAE) (added 10-18-10 Jake) United World Capital (added 10-14-10 Jake) Member Since Feb 22, 2018 1396 posts vontogr (togr) Apr 24 2 014 at 11:47 quite often my followers ask for advice for list of broker accepting US citizens, but without the ridiculous limit imposed to trading, like low leverage, etc. As Caesar has higher profitability with higher leverage I did some research and found this list. I have not much experience with these so you should let us know your evaluation for these brokers. good broker - FinFx problematic when you make profit:) - ForexBroker inc or any Russian broker bull AssetsFX (Finland) --- ECNSTP broker --- see post 2078 for more info Platform: MT4. -- Min. initial deposit: 200 USD. -- Max. leverage: 100:1. -- Min. position size: micro lot (0.01 std lot) -- Spreads: variable (from 0 pips) plus commission (5.20 USD round-turn per std lot, or 0.052 USD round-turn per micro lot) Email: Contact Us. AssetsFX -- Tel: 358-40-324-4839 bull Fin FX (Finland) --- ECNSTP broker --- see posts 1116, and 2023 for more info --- --- also see FinFX Brokerage Overview Platform: MT4. -- Min. initial deposit: 150 USD. -- Max. leverage: 200:1. -- Spreads: EURUSD 3 pips, GBPJPY 7 pips. Email: infofinfx. fi bull MRC Markets (Russia) --- ECNSTP broker --- not regulated --- exercise extra due diligence --- --- see FSA Alert --- Financial Services Authority Platform: MT4. -- Min. initial deposit: 200 USD. -- Max. leverage: 500:1. -- Spreads: EURUSD 2 pips, GBPJPY 7 pips. Website: MRC Markets bull Tallinex (Estonia) --- ECNSTP broker --- regulated --- see posts 1978, 1979, and 1980 for more info Platform: MT4. -- Min. initial deposit (micro account): 100 USD. -- Max. leverage (micro account): 400:1. -- Spreads (micro account): EURUSD 2 pips (avg), GBPJPY . Website: Tallinex - FX Trading Software bull Renesource Capital (Latvia) --- ECNSTP broker --- see post 1971 for more info --- --- regulated by Financial and Capital Markets Commission (FCMC), Latvia Platform: MT4. -- Min. initial deposit (micro account): 10 USD. -- Max. leverage: 100:1. -- Spreads: EURUSD , GBPJPY . Website: Online trading FOREX trading ECN Forex trading --- new web address Email: inforenesource. eu bull X-Trade Brokers (XTB) (Poland) Platform: XTB Trader (MT4). -- Min. initial deposit: 500 EUR. -- Max. leverage: 100:1. -- Spreads: EURUSD 2 pips, GBPJPY 7 pips. Website: Options trading, forex, CFD, commodities, indices, platform bull Varchev Financial (BulgariaUK) --- regulated in both countries --- see posts 1305, 1814 and 1815 for more info Platforms: MT4, mobile MT4. -- Min. initial deposit: NONE. -- Max. leverage: 500:1 (small position size), 100:1 (large position size). -- Spreads: EURUSD 3 pips, GBPJPY 6 pips. Website: Varchev Brokers - Forex trading --- new web address bull ForexCENT (Czech Republic) --- see posts 1972, and 1974 for more info WARNING: see posts 2111 and 2113 for recent information on this broker. Platforms: . -- Min. initial deposit: . -- Max. leverage: . -- Spreads: EURUSD , GBPJPY . Website: Trade Forex from 1 cent - ForexCENT Mediterranean Middle East Africa bull ForexBrokerInc (Malta) --- see posts 1801, 1802, 1803, 1960, 1961, 1966, and 1994 for more info Platforms: MT4, SIRIX Webtrader. -- Min. initial deposit: 5 USD. -- Max. leverage: 500:1 (ECN Micro acct). -- --- Spreads: EURUSD 1 pip commission (ECN Micro acct), GBPJPY pips commission (ECN Micro acct). Website: Forex Broker Inc Forex Trading CFD Trading bull IKOFX (Cyprus) --- not regulated --- exercise extra due diligence --- Platform: MT4. -- Min. initial deposit: 1 USD. -- Max. leverage: 500:1. -- Spreads: EURUSD 2 pips, GBPJPY 7 pips. Website: FOREX CURRENCY TRADING FOREX BROKER FOREX TRADING METATRADER4 IKOFX bull Arab Financial Brokers (Kuwait) WARNING: see posts 2112 and 2113 for recent information on this broker. Platforms: AFB Platform (MT4), AFB Multi Terminal (MT4). -- Min. initial deposit: 50 USD. -- Max. leverage: 400:1. -- Spreads: EURUSD 2 pips, GBPJPY. pips. Website: Islamic Investment, Forex Trading, Commodities Brokers, Oil Trading - AFB Email: customercareafb. kw bull FXGlory (United Arab Emirates) --- not regulated --- exercise extra due diligence --- --- see posts 1561, 1562, and 1563 for more info Platforms: . -- Min. initial deposit: . -- Max. leverage: . -- Spreads: EURUSD , GBPJPY . Website: Glory Way LLC Best brokerage on the World bull FXVV Capital Markets Ltd (United Arab Emirates) --- not regulated --- exercise extra due diligence --- --- see posts 1477, 1478, 1486, 1582, 1822, 1833, and 1834 for more info Platform: MT4. -- Min. initial deposit: 10 USD. -- Max. leverage: 1,000:1 for account balance up to 1,000 USD. -- -- Spreads: EURUSD 1.5 pips ( commission 8 USD per std lot), GBPJPY ( commission 8 USD per std lot). Website: Home FXVV Capital Markets Ltd - Forex, Online Trading, Currency Trading, ECN Forex Broker Email addresses: not published --- Telephone contact: 971 4374 1436 customer support (UAE) bull FX Company (Mauritius -) --- not regulated --- exercise extra due diligence --- Platforms: MT4, MT5 beta. -- Min. initial deposit: 100 USD. -- Max. leverage: 500:1. -- Spreads: EURUSD 2 pips, GBPJPY 8 pips. Website: FxCompany. Online Forex Trading Systems Platforms, Automated Forex Trading Software bull PaxForex (Seychelles) --- see posts 1412, 1581, 1814, 1816, and 2067 for more info Platform: MT4. -- Min. initial deposit: 10 USD (mini acct.), 400 USD (std. acct.). -- Max. leverage: 500:1. -- Spreads: EURUSD 1.3 - 5 pips, GBPJPY 4.7 - 6 pips. Website: PaxForex - Forex Bonus and Contest Gold Silver Currency Trading CFD - PaxForex bull ProfiForex (Seychelles) --- regulated by Seychelles International Business Authority (SIBA) --- --- see posts 1561, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, and 1814 for more info Platform: MT4. -- Min. initial deposit: 0.10 (for Cent Account). -- Max. leverage: 500:1. -- Spreads: EURUSD 2 pips, GBPJPY 7 pips. Website: Profiforex Dealing Center bull Real Trade (Seychelles) --- see posts 1310 and 1409 for more info Platform: Real Trader 4 (MT4). -- Min. initial deposit: 20 USD. (Monthly interest paid on free margin) -- Max. leverage: 500:1. -- Spreads: EURUSD 1 pip, GBPJPY 5 pips. Website: Forex Trading - Real Trade - Best Forex Broker bull Forex FS (Australia) --- see posts 1814, 2058 and 2106 for more info Platforms: MT4, JForex (Dukascopy) Web Platform -- Min. initial deposit: 500 USD. -- Max. leverage: 300:1 (currencies), 140:1 (metals) -- Spreads: EURUSD 2 pips, GBPJPY 3 pips. Website: FOREX FS - HOME bull SmartTradeFX (Hong Kong) --- see posts 2032 and 2034 for more info Platforms: MT4 (ECN), Web Trader (STP), Mobile Platform (STP). -- Min. initial deposit: 25 USD. -- Max. leverage: 100:1. -- Spreads: EURUSD 0.9 pips comm (10 USD per std lot), GBPJPY 4.6 pips comm (10 USD per std lot). Website: SmartTradeFX - Forex CFDs FX 4X Trade Currency Trading Forex Email: SmartTradeFX - Leave a Message --- Phone: 1-888-613-7839 (toll-free from N. America) Central America Caribbean bull forex-metal (Panama) --- not regulated --- exercise extra due diligence --- --- see posts 1308, 1309 and 1409 for more info Platform: MT4. -- Min. initial deposit: 0 USD. -- Max. leverage: 500:1 (for balance up to 500), 200:1 (for balance over 500). -- Spreads: EURUSD 2.3 - 3.9 pips, GBPJPY 5 - 8 pips. 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A formative evaluation (sometimes referred to as internal) is a method for judging the worth of a program while the program activities are forming (in progress). They can be conducted during any phase of the ADDIE process. This part of the evaluation focuses on the process. Thus, formative evaluations are basically done on the fly. They permit the designers, learners, instructors, and managers to monitor how well the instructional goals and objectives are being met. Its main purpose is to catch deficiencies ASAP so that the proper learning interventions can take place that allows the learners to master the required skills and knowledge. Formative evaluation is also useful in analyzing learning materials, student learning and achievements, and teacher effectiveness. Formative evaluation is primarily a building process which accumulates a series of components of new materials, skills, and problems into an ultimate meaningful whole. - Wally Guyot (1978) In addition, prototyping is used in formative evaluations to test a particular design aspect by using one or more iterations. A summative evaluation (sometimes referred to as external) is a method of judging the worth of a program at the end of the program activities (summation). The focus is on the outcome. All assessments can be summative (i. e. have the potential to serve a summative function), but only some have the additional capability of serving formative functions. - Scriven (1967) The various instruments used to collect the data are questionnaires, surveys, interviews, observations, and testing. The model or methodology used to gather the data should be a specified step-by-step procedure. It should be carefully designed and executed to ensure the data is accurate and valid. Questionnaires are the least expensive procedure for external evaluations and can be used to collect large samples of graduate information. The questionnaires should be trialed (tested) before using to ensure the recipients understand their operation the way the designer intended. When designing questionnaires, keep in mind the most important feature is the guidance given for its completion. All instructions should be clearly stated. let nothing be taken for granted. History of the Two Evaluations Scriven (1967) first suggested a distinction between formative evaluation and summative evaluation. Formative evaluation was intended to foster development and improvement within an ongoing activity (or person, product, program, etc.). Summative evaluation, in contrast, is used to assess whether the results of the object being evaluated (program, intervention, person, etc.) met the stated goals. Scriven saw the need to distinguish the formative and summative roles of curriculum evaluation. While Scriven preferred summative evaluations 8212 performing a final evaluation of the project or person, he did come to acknowledge Cronbachs merits of formative evaluation 8212 part of the process of curriculum development used to improve the course while it is still fluid (he believed it contributes more to the improvement of education than evaluation used to appraise a product). Later, Misanchuk (1978) delivered a paper on the need to tighten up the definitions in order to get measurements that are more accurate. The one that seems to cause the greatest disagreement is the keeping of fluid movements or changes strictly in the prerelease versions (before it hits the target population). In Paul Saettlers (1990) history of instructional technology, he describes the two evaluations in the context of how they were used in developing Sesame Street and The Electric Company by the Childrens Television Workshop. CTW used formative evaluations for identify and defining program designs that could provide reliable predictors of learning for particular learners. They later used summative evaluations to prove their efforts (to quite good effect I might add). While Saettler praises CTW for a significant landmark in the technology of instructional design, he warns that it is still tentative and should be seen more as a point of departure rather than a fixed formula. Saettler defines the two types of evaluations as: 1) formative is used to refine goals and evolve strategies for achieving goals, while 2) summative is undertaken to test the validity of a theory or determine the impact of an educational practice so that future efforts may be improved or modified. Thus, using Misanchuks defining terms will normally achieve more accurate measurements however, the cost is higher as it is highly resource intensive, particularly with time because of all the pre-work that has to be performed in the design phase: create, trial, redo, trial, redo, trial, redo, etc. and all preferably without using the target population. However, most organizations are demanding shorter design times. Thus the formative part is moved over to the other methods, such as the use of rapid prototyping and using testing and evaluations methods to improve as one moves on. Which of course is not as accurate but it is more appropriate to most organizations as they are not really that interested in accurate measurements of the content but rather the end product 8212 skilled and knowledgeable workers. Misanchuks defining terms puts all the water in a container for accurate measurements while the typical organization estimates the volume of water running in a stream. Thus, if you are a vendor, researcher, or need highly accurate measurements you will probably define the two evaluations in the same manner as Misanchuk. If you need to push the traininglearning out faster and are not all that worried about highly accurate measurements, then you define it closer to how most organizations do and how Saettler describes the CTW example. Steps in the Evaluation Phase Guyot, W. M. (1978). Summative and Formative Evaluation. The Journal of Business Education. 54(3):127-129. Misanchuk, E. R. (1978). Uses and Abuses of Evaluation in Continuing Education Programs: On the Frequent Futility of Formative, Summative, and Justificative Evaluation. San Antonio, Texas: Paper presented at the Adult Education Research Conference, 4-78. Saettler, P. (1990). The Evolution of American Educational Technology. p350. Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited, Inc. Scriven, M. (1967). The methodology of evaluation. R. W. Tyler, R M. Gagne, M. Scriven (eds.), Perspectives of curriculum evaluation. pp.39-83. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally. Optimal trading strategy and supplydemand dynamics Here i will explain about Optimal Trading Strategy And Supplydemand Dynamics. Many people have talked about Journal of financial markets elsevier. But in this post i will explain The journal of financial markets publishes high quality original research on applied and theoretical issues related to securities trading and pricing more clearly than another blog. Optimal trading strategy and supplydemand dynamics anna obizhaeva and jiang wang first draft: november 15, 2004 this draft: april 8, 2006 abstract. High frequency trading: price dynamics models and market making strategies cheng lu electrical engineering and computer sciences university of california at berkeley. Pages 5 binary options trading strategies for beginners binary options charts binary options trading system strategy for binary options binary options trend lines. Read more on High frequency trading: price dynamics models and market. Robin is the george gund professor of finance and banking at harvard business school. he works in behavioral and institutional finance with a particular focus on. The journal of financial markets publishes high quality original research on applied and theoretical issues related to securities trading and pricing. Academia. edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Tuomas sandholm. professor carnegie mellon university computer science department 5000 forbes avenue pittsburgh pa 15213 director electronic marketplaces laboratory. You can find more explanation in Binary options strategies articles and trading strategies. Above you can read article and ebook that discuss about Optimal Trading Strategy And Supplydemand Dynamics. So it became clear that Most investors have probably never seen the pl of a high frequency trading strategy there is a reason for that, of course: given the typical performance. 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More explicitly, the following problem is proposed and solved: Given a fixed block of shares to be executed within a fixed finite number of periods, and given price dynamics that capture price impact, i. ه. the execution price of an individual trade as a function of the share traded and other state variables, find the optimal sequence of trades (as a function of the state variables) that will minimize the expected cost of executing within periods. There has been a tremendous interest and consequent growth in terms of equity trading, partly due to the advent of a large number of mutual and pension funds. In these situations, the impact of trading costs has been assuming increasing importance. Trading costs or execution costs are costs that are associated with the execution of investment strategies which include commissions, bidask spreads, opportunity costs of waiting, and price impact from trading. There has been studies where although the performance certain funds have been showed to perform very well compared to market, but actual performance was significantly different (Perold (1988)). The difference arose due to the inclusion of the execution costs. This shortfall is surprisingly large and underscores the importance of execution-cost control, particularly for institutional investors whose trades often comprise a large fraction of the average daily volume of many stocks. Our Guarantee To You No Quibble Money Back Guarantee We are so confident in our ability to produce top level academic work that we are prepared to back it with a No Quibble, Money Back guarantee So the problem of developing an optimal trading strategy, considering the execution costs also comes in to perspective. There are various methods to do this. Here dynamic programming is used to derive an optimal trading strategy considering the execution costs. The use of dynamic programming though not new in financial economics, is novel here by the fact that the trading steps is takes time and the present steps affects the price and thus the costs in the future. Dynamic programming is a method for solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler sub problems. It is applicable to problems exhibiting the properties of overlapping sub problems which are only slightly smaller and optimal substructure. When applicable, the method takes far less time than the usual methods. The key idea behind dynamic programming is quite simple. In general, to solve a given problem, we need to solve different parts of the problem (sub problems), then combine the solutions of the sub problems to reach an overall solution. Often, many of these sub problems are really the same. The dynamic programming approach seeks to solve each sub problem only once, thus reducing the number of computations. This is especially useful when the number of repeating sub problems is exponentially large. Top-down dynamic programming simply means storing the results of certain calculations, which are later used again since the completed calculation is a sub-problem of a larger calculation. Bottom-up dynamic programming involves formulating a complex calculation as a recursive series of simpler calculations. The term dynamic programming was originally used in the 1940s by Richard Bellman to describe the process of solving problems where one needs to find the best decisions one after another. By 1953, he refined this to the modern meaning, referring specifically to nesting smaller decision problems inside larger decisions, and the field was thereafter recognized by the IEEE as a systems analysis and engineering topic. Bellmans contribution is remembered in the name of the Bellman equation, a central result of dynamic programming which restates an optimization problem in recursive form. The word dynamic was chosen by Bellman to capture the time-varying aspect of the problems, and also because it sounded impressive. The word programming referred to the use of the method to find an optimal program, in the sense of a military schedule for training or logistics. This usage is the same as that in the phrases linear programming and mathematical programming, a synonym for optimization. Dynamic programming is both a mathematical optimization method and a computer programming method. In both contexts it refers to simplifying a complicated problem by breaking it down into simpler subproblems in a recursive manner. While some decision problems cannot be taken apart this way, decisions that span several points in time do often break apart recursively Bellman called this the Principle of Optimality. Likewise, in computer science, a problem which can be broken down recursively is said to have optimal substructure. If subproblems can be nested recursively inside larger problems, so that dynamic programming methods are applicable, then there is a relation between the value of the larger problem and the values of the subproblems.5 In the optimization literature this relationship is called the Bellman equation. Dynamic programming in mathematical optimization In terms of mathematical optimization, dynamic programming usually refers to simplifying a decision by breaking it down into a sequence of decision steps over time. This is done by defining a sequence of value functions V1. V2. Vn. with an argument y representing the state of the system at times i from 1 to n. The definition of Vn(y) is the value obtained in state y at the last time n. The values Vi at earlier times in-1,n-2. 2,1 can be found by working backwards, using a recursive relationship called the Bellman equation. For i2. n, Vi -1 at any state y is calculated from Vi by maximizing a simple function (usually the sum) of the gain from decision i-1 and the function Vi at the new state of the system if this decision is made. Since Vi has already been calculated for the needed states, the above operation yields Vi -1 for those states. Finally, V1 at the initial state of the system is the value of the optimal solution. The optimal values of the decision variables can be recovered, one by one, by tracking back the calculations already performed. Struggling with your essay Universiteacute Paris-Diderot, Paris, France copy 2018 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). Received 29 May 2018 revised 30 June 2018 accepted 14 July 2018 When executing their orders, different strategies are proposed to investors by brokers and investment banks. Most orders are executed using VWAP algorithms. Other basic execution strategies include POV (also called PVol)for percentage of volume, ISImplementation Shortfall, or Target Close. In this article dedicated to POV strategies, we develop a liquidation model in which a trader is constrained to liquidate a portfolio with a constant participation rate to the market. Considering the functional forms commonly used by practitioners for market impact functions, we obtain a closed-form expression for the optimal participation rate. Also, we develop a micro-founded risk-liquidity premium that allows better assessing the costs and risks of execution processes and giving a price to a large block of shares. We also provide a thorough comparison between IS strategies and POV strategies in terms of risk-liquidity premium. Optimal Execution, Optimal Liquidation, High-Frequency Trading Stock traders buy and sell large quantities of shares and cannot ignore the significant impact their orders have on the market. In practice, traders face a trade-off between price risks on one hand and both execution costs and market impacts on the other hand. Traders liquidating too fast indeed incur high execution costs but being too slow exposes the trader to possible adverse price fluctuations, effectively leading to liquidation at lower-than - expected prices. For that reason, traders usually split their large orders into smaller ones to be executed progressively. Research on optimal executionor optimal liquidationmainly focuses on this issue of optimally splitting those large orders. To provide an optimal rhythm for the liquidation process, the most classical framework is the one developed by Almgren and Chriss in their seminal papers 1 -3. This framework has largely been used and enriched either to better fit real market conditions or to enlarge the scope of modeling possibilities: Black-Scholes dynamics for the price has been considered1, attempts to generalize the model to take account of stochastic volatility and liquidity were made 4. and discussions on the optimization criterions and their consequences on optimal strategies are also in the literature (see for instance 5 -8 ). The CARA (or mean-variance) framework is predominant in the literature and it has been studied for instance in 9. and in 10 that also considers block trade pricing. Very interesting results in the case of IARA and DARA utility functions are presented in 11. Following the seminal paper by Obizhaeva and Wang 12. many authors also tried to model market impact in a different fashion, using transient market impact models. Eventually, the literature recently went beyond the question of the optimal rhythm and focused on the tactical layer, i. ه. on the actual way to proceed, using for instance dark pools 13 -15 or limit orders 16 -18 . Most of the articles in the literature, be they dedicated to the strategic layer (optimal scheduling) or to the tactical layer (liquidation over short slices of time), focus on IS strategies 2. In this article, we consider strategies constrained to have a constant rate of participation to the market. These execution strategies, called POV or PVol strategies, are more common in practice than IS strategies, although they are suboptimal. Strangely, they are not dealt with in the literature and the goal of this paper is to fill in the blank. Instead of choosing a trading curve of Almgren-Chriss-like models for IS strategies, we optimize one single parameter: the participation rate. Noticeably, for most functional forms used in practice for the execution cost function, the optimal participation rate can be found in a closed form. This is interesting for at least three reasons. First, for trading, an optimal participation rate is easy to communicate on and does not need any complex tool to be used in practice as opposed to the trading curves of most IS strategies. Second, the formula obtained is a function of risk aversion and it can then be inverted to implicit risk aversion from traders behavior. Third, the closed-form formula obtained for the optimal participation rate allows writing a closed-form expression for the risk-liquidity premium of a block trade. In effect, transactions involving large blocks of shares cannot be based on Mark-to-Market (MtM) prices and we provide a micro-founded risk-liquidity premium to be added or subtracted to MtM values. Risk-liquidity premia being already known for IS strategies (see 10 ), we provide a comparison between POV-based liquidity premia and IS-based liquidity premia. In Section 1, we present the setup of the model. In Section 2, we compute a closed-form expression for the optimal participation rate of a POV strategy and the associated risk-liquidity premium. We then discuss the results and analyze the influence of the parameters. In Section 3, we provide numerical examples to illustrate our model. 2. Setup of the Model Let us fix a probability space equipped with a filtration satisfying the usual conditions. We assume that all stochastic processes are defined on . We consider a trader with a portfolio containing shares of a given stock 3 and we assume that he is willing to unwind his portfolio. The velocity at which liquidation is carried out depends on market conditions. Among them, market volume usually has an important role and we introduce a market volume process assumed to be continuous, deterministic,4 and such that. To model liquidation, we introduce an inventory process by: where the strategy belongs to one of the following admissible sets: if one wants to model liquidation using an IS strategy over the time window. This is the classical Almgren-Chriss framework 1 -3 (see also 9 10 ). if one wants to model a POV strategy in which the volume traded by the trader is assumed to be proportional to the market volume process: the participation rate being . In both cases, the problem faced by the trader is a trade-off between price risk, encouraging trading fast, and execution costmarket impact, encouraging unwinding the position slowly. We consider that trades impact market prices in two distinct ways. Firstly, there is a permanent market impact (assumed to be linear 5 ) that imposes a drift to the price process : Secondly, the price obtained by the trader at time is not because of what is usually called instantaneous market impact (or execution costs). To model this, we introduce a function verifying the following hypotheses6: is strictly convex, This allows to define the cash process as: where the execution cost is divided into two parts: a linear part that represents a fixed cost per share. linked to the bid-ask spread for instance, and a strictly convex part modeled by . One of the main goal of this paper is to maximize over the objective function, where is such that and is the absolute risk aversion parameter of the trader. 3. Solution of the Problem and Block Trade Pricing To solve our optimization problem, a first step consists in computing the value of the cash process during the liquidation process: Proposition 1 Let us consider and implicitly defined by . 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The goals of the DWD Strategic Plan are to: Improve Our Ability to Connect Job Seekers to Jobs Develop a Skilled Labor Force Aligned with Employers Needs Promote Unemployment Insurance Trust Fund Strength and Program Accuracy Increase the Business Value of Program and Service Provide Opportunities for all DWD Staff to Understand How They Contribute Towards DWDs Mission These goals not only help DWD fulfill its mission of advancing Wisconsins economy and business climate by empowering and supporting the workforce, but the goals also reflect DWDs responsibility to improve operational efficiency and accountability, which aligns with Governor Walkers ongoing initiative to deliver programs and services in the most efficient way in state government. 2018 Strategic Plan (PDF) The Forex market in the US is regulated by two primary bodies. عضوية هيئة تنظيمية مستقلة تدعى الرابطة الوطنية للعقود الآجلة (نفا) إلزامية لأي وسيط يعمل في أراضي الولايات المتحدة. وتعمل الهيئة الوطنية لحماية المستهلك على حد سواء لحماية المستثمرين الأفراد والصناديق، فضلا عن ضمان سلامة السوق من خلال تنفيذ مدونة قوانين الفوركس. وقد أنشئت لجنة مستقلة تابعة للكونغرس الأمريكي، وهي لجنة تجارة السلع والعقود الآجلة (كفتك)، لإصدار اللوائح وحماية القدرة التنافسية. إن حجم ونطاق سوق الفوركس يجعل التنظيم بالغ الأهمية. ودفعت دوران الفوركس العالمي في عام 2018 4.0 تريليون دولار يوميا وما يحدث في سوق الفوركس يحدد كل شيء من معدلات العائد على الاستثمارات (روي) إلى ميزانيات العطلات لدينا. ومن المرجح أن تساهم المضاربات في العملات في تقلب الأسواق، كما أن الاتجاه المتنامي لتجار التجزئة عبر الإنترنت قد استلزم مزيدا من التدقيق من قبل هيئات مثل الاتحاد. وعلى الرغم من النمو الهائل لهذه الصناعة في السنوات الخمس الماضية، فإن حجم المعاملات التجارية من قبل الشركات والحكومات تقزم بانتظام من قبل المستثمرين من التجزئة وتجارة عالية التردد (هفت). وبدون التنظيم، سيواجه العديد من المستثمرين الأفراد أنشطة غير قانونية بما في ذلك الاحتيال. وفي الواليات المتحدة، تم القضاء عمليا على االحتيال على العملة من خالل اللوائح الصارمة التي تم تطبيقها في عام 2018. والقيود المفروضة على الوسطاء ومقدمي الخدمات كبيرة. والأهم من ذلك هو شرط الحصول على ترخيص داخل البلد الذي تستند فيه العمليات فعلا - يشير عدم وجود ترخيص إلى نشاط غير قانوني. تخضع الموافقات التنظيمية لمعايير رقابة صارمة على الجودة، كما يجب مراجعة حسابات السماسرة المرخص لهم وتقييمها بشكل منتظم من أجل االلتزام بمعايير الصناعة. ويتعين على الوسطاء أيضا الاحتفاظ بكمية كافية من الأموال لتنفيذ صفقات عملائهم، ويحظر عليهم تقديم خدماتهم بشكل خاطئ - لا سيما فيما يتعلق بدرجة المخاطر التي ينطوي عليها ذلك - ويجب عليهم احترام جميع العقود التي يتم فتحها مع العميل. من الضروري التأكد من أن أي وسيط اخترت التجارة معه مرخص بالكامل وتحت إشراف هيئة تنظيمية. تنويه: بيست-أوسا-فوريكس لا يمكن أن يكون مسؤولا عن أي خسارة أو ضرر تتكبده أي معلومات مقدمة على هذا الموقع. Best USA Forex is only comparing the best Forex offers available for US traders. Lets Forex Aggregate Total amount of exposure a bank has with a customer for both spot and forward contracts. American Option An option which may be exercised at any valid business date throughout the life of the option. Appreciation Describes a currency strengthening in response to market demand rather than by official action. Arbitrage A risk-free type of trading where the same instrument is bought and sold simultaneously in two different markets in order to cash in on the difference in these markets. Around Used in quoting forward premium discount. Ask Price Ask is the lowest price acceptable to the buyer. Asset In the context of foreign exchange it is the right to receive from a counterparty an amount of currency either in respect of a balance sheet asset (e. g. a loan) or at a specified future date in respect of an unmatched forward or spot deal. At Best An instruction given to a dealer to buy or sell at the best rate that is currently available in the market. At or Better An order to deal at a specific rate or better. At Par Forward Spread When the forward price is equivalent to the spot price. At the Price Stop-Loss Order A stop-loss order that must be executed at the requested level regardless of market conditions. At-the-Money An option whose strikeexercise price is equal to or near the current market price of the underlying instrument. Auction Sale of an item to the highest bidder. (1) A method commonly used in exchange control regimes for the allocation of foreign exchange. (2) A method for allocating government paper, such as US Treasury Bills. Small investors are given preferential access to the bills. The average issuing price is then computed on the basis of the competitive bids accepted. In some circumstances for government auctions it is the yield rather than the price which is bid. Average Rate Option A contract where the exercise price is based on the difference between the strike price and the average spot rate over the contract period. Sometimes called an Asian option. Back Office Settlement and related processes. العودة إلى الوراء (1) المعاملة التي تنعكس فيها جميع الالتزامات والالتزامات في معاملة واحدة في معاملة ثانية. (2) Transaction where a loan is made in one currency in one country against a loan in another country in another currency. Balance of Payments A systematic record of the economic transactions during a given period for a country. (1) The term is often used to mean either: (i) balance of payments on current account or (ii) the current account plus certain long term capital movements. (2) The combination of the trade balance, current balance, capital account and invisible balance, which together make up the balance of payments total. Prolonged balance of payment deficits tend to lead to restrictions in capital transfers, and or decline in currency values. Balance of Trade The value of exports less imports. Invisibles are normally excluded, and is otherwise referred to as mercantile or physical trade. Figures can be quoted on FoB FaS. customs cleared, or FoB export. Band The range in which a currency is permitted to move. A system used in the ERM. Bank Line Line of credit granted by a bank to a customer, also known as a line. Bank Notes Bank notes are paper issued by the central or issuing bank and are legal tender, but are not usually considered to be part of the FX market. However bank notes can be converted, in some counties, into FX. Bank notes are normally priced at a premium to the current spot rate for a currency. Bank Rate The rate at which a central bank is prepared to lend money to its domestic banking system. Barrier Option A family of path dependent options whose pay-off pattern and survival to the expiration date depend not only on the final price of the underlying currency but also on whether or not the underlying currency breaks a predetermined price level at any time during the life of the option. See Down and Out callput, Down and in callput, Up and out callput, Up and in callput. Base Currency The currency in which the operating results of the bank or institution are reported. Base Rate A term used in the UK for the rate used by banks to calculate the interest rate to borrowers. Top quality borrowers will pay a small amount over base. Basis The difference between the cash price and futures price. Basis Convergence The process whereby the basis tends towards zero as the contract expiry approaches. Basis Point One per cent of one per cent. Basis Price The price expressed in terms of yield maturity or annual rate of return. Basis Trading Taking opposite positions in the cash and futures market with the intention of profiting from favorable movements in the basis. Basket A group of currencies normally used to manage the exchange rate of a currency. Sometimes referred to as a unit of account. بير الشخص الذي يعتقد أن الأسعار سوف تنخفض. Bear Market A market in which prices decline sharply against a background of widespread pessimism (opposite of Bull Market). Bid Price Bid is the highest price that the seller is offering for the particular currency at the moment the difference between the ask and the bid price is the spread. Together, the two prices constitute a quotation the difference between the two is the spread. The bid-ask spread is stated as a percentage cost of transacting in foreign exchange. Big Figure Refers normally to the first three digits of an exchange rate that dealers treat as understood in quoting. For example a quote of 3040 on dollar mark could indicates a price of 1.553040BIS: Bank of International Settlement. Bilateral Clearing A system used where foreign currency is limited. Payments are usually routed through the central banks, and sometimes require that the trade balance is equaled every year. Binary Options A binary call (or step up) is like a standard European call option except that the pay off at expiry is fixed at one unit of the counter currency, if the call expires in the money. Black-Scholes Model An option pricing formula initially derived by Fisher Black and Myron Scholes for securities options and later refined by Black for options on futures. It is widely used in the currency markets. Booked The recording of a transaction outside the country where the transaction is itself negotiated. Break Even Point The price of a financial instrument at which the option buyer recovers the premium, meaning that he makes neither a loss nor a gain. In the case of a call option, the break even point is the exercise price plus the premium. Break Out In the options market, undoing a conversion or a reversal to restore the option buyers original position. Bretton Woods The site of the conference which in 1944 led to the establishment of the post war foreign exchange system that remained intact until the early 1970s. The conference resulted in the formation of the IMF. The system fixed currencies in a fixed exchange rate system with 1 fluctuations of the currency to gold or the dollar. Broker An agent, who executes orders to buy and sell currencies and related instruments either for a commission or on a spread. Brokers are agents working on commission and not principals or agents acting on their own account. In the foreign exchange market brokers tend to act as intermediaries between banks bringing buyers and sellers together for a commission paid by the initiator or by both parties. There are four or five major global brokers operating through subsidiaries affiliates and partners in many countries. Brokerage Commission charged by a broker. BUBA Bundesbank, the reserve bank of Germany. الثور الشخص الذي يعتقد أن الأسعار سوف ترتفع. سوق الثور سوق يتميز بارتفاع الأسعار. Bulldogs Sterling bonds issued in the UK by foreign institutions. Bundesbank Central Bank of Germany. Butterfly Spread (1) A futures butterfly spread is a spread trade in which multiple futures months are traded simultaneously at a differential. The trade basically consists of two futures spread transactions with either three or four different futures months at one differential. (2) An options butterfly spread is a combination of a bear and bull spread trade in which multiple options months and strike prices are traded simultaneously at a differential. The trade basically consists of two options spread transactions with either three or four different options months and strikes at one differential . Cable A term used in the foreign exchange market for the US DollarBritish Pound rate. Cable Transfer Telegraphic transfer of funds from one centre to another. Now synonymous with inter bank electronic fund transfer. Cable Transfer Telegraphic transfer of funds from one centre to another. Now synonymous with inter bank electronic fund transfer. Call An option that gives the holder the right to buy the underlying instrument at a specified price during a fixed period. Call Option A call option confers the right but not the obligation to buy stock, shares or futures at a specified price. Capital Account Juxtaposition of the long and short term capital imports and exports of a country. Carry The interest cost of financing securities or other financial instruments held. Carry-Over Charge A finance charge associated with the storing of commodities (or foreign exchange contracts) from one delivery date to another. Cash Normally refers to an exchange transaction contracted for settlement on the day the deal is struck. This term is mainly used in the North American markets and those countries which rely for foreign exchange services on these markets because of time zone preference i. e. Latin America. In Europe and Asia, cash transactions are often referred to as value same day deals. Cash and Carry The buying of an asset today and selling a future contract on the asset. A reverse cash and carry is possible by selling an asset and buying a future. Cash Settlement A procedure for settling futures contract where the cash difference between the future and the market price is paid instead of physical delivery. CBOE Chicago Board Options Exchange. CBOT or CBT Chicago Board of Trade. Central Bank A central bank provides financial and banking services for a countrys government and commercial banks. It implements the governments monetary policy, as well, by changing interest rates. Central Rate Exchange rates against the ECU adopted for each currency within the EMS. Currencies have limited movement from the central rate according to the relevant band. Certificate of Deposit (CD) A negotiable certificate in bearer form issued by a commercial bank as evidence of a deposit with that bank which states the maturity value, maturity rate and interest rate payable. CDs vary in size with maturities ranging from a few weeks to several years. CDs may normally be redeemed before maturity only by sale on the secondary market but may also be redeemed back to issuing bank through payment of a penalty. CFTC The Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the US Federal regulatory agency for futures traded on commodity markets, including financial futures. CHAPS Clearing House Automated Payment System. Chartist An individual who studies graphs and charts of historic data to find trends and predict trend reversals which include the observance of certain patterns and characteristics of the charts to derive resistance levels, head and shoulders patterns, and double bottom or double top patterns which are thought to indicate trend reversals. CHIPS The New York clearing house clearing system. (Clearing House Interbank Payment System). Most Euro transactions are cleared and settled through this system. CIBOR Copenhagen Interbank Rate, the rate at which the banks lend the Danish Krone on an unsecured basis. The rate is calculated daily by the Danmarks Nationalbank (the Danish Central Bank), based on rules set out by the Danish Bankers Association. Closed Position A transaction which leaves the trade with a zero net commitment to the market with respect to a particular currency. Closing Purchase Transaction The purchase of an option identical to one already sold to liquidate a position. Coincident Indicator An economic indicator that generally moves in line with the general business cycle such as industrial production. Comex Commodity Exchange of New York. Commission The fee that a broker may charge clients for dealing on their behalf. Compound Option An option on an option, the dates and price of such option being fixed. Confirmation A memorandum to the other party describing all the relevant details of the transaction. an agreement to buy or sell a specified amount of a particular currency or option for a specified month in the future (See Futures contract). Contract Expiration Date The date on which a currency must be delivered to fulfill the terms of the contract. For options, the last day on which the option holder can exercise his right to buy or sell the underlying instrument or currency. Contract Month The month in which a futures contract matures or becomes deliverable if not liquidated or traded out before the date specified. Correspondent Bank The foreign banks representative who regularly performs services for a bank which has no branch in the relevant centre, e. g. to facilitate the transfer of funds. In the US this often occurs domestically due to inter state banking restrictions. Cost of Carry The interest rate parity, where the forward price is determined by the cost of borrowing money in order to hold the position. Cost of Living Index Broadly equivalent to Retail Price Index or Consumer price. Counterparty The customer or bank with which a foreign exchange deal is executed. Counterparty Risks Foreign Currency Inter-bank Exchange (FOREX) instruments are Positions (Buys andor Sell) between the Client and its Counterparty and, unlike exchange-traded foreign exchange instruments which are, in effect, guaranteed by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the instruments are traded, are not guaranteed by a clearing organization. Thus, when the Customer purchases an OTC foreign exchange instrument, it relies on the Counterparty from which it has purchased the instrument to fulfill the contract. Failure of a Counterparty to fulfill a Position could result in losses of any prior payment made pursuant to the Positions as well as the loss of the expected benefit of the transaction. Country Risk Factors that affect currency trading unique to the specific country include political, regulatory, legal and holiday risks. Coupon (1) On bearer stocks, the detachable part of the hide behind nominee status. Certificate exchangeable for dividends. (2) Denotes the rate of interest on a fixed interest security. Coupon Value The annual rate of interest of a bond. Cover (1) To take out a forward foreign exchange contract. (2) To close out a short position by buying currency or securities which have been sold. Covered Interest Rate Arbitrage An arbitrage approach which consists of borrowing currency A, exchanging it for currency B, investing currency B for the duration of the loan, and, after taking off the forward cover on maturity, showing a profit on the entire set of deals. It is based on the theorem of interest rate parity (one of the key theoretical economic relationships) which says that the return on a hedged foreign investment will just equal the domestic interest rate on investments of identical risk. When the covered interest rate differential between the two money markets is zero, there is no arbitrage incentive to move funds from one market to another. CPI Consumer Price Index. Monthly measure of the change in the prices of a defined basket of consumer goods including food, clothing, and transport. Countries vary in their approach to rents and mortgages. CPSS Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems. Crawling Peg (Adjustable Peg) An exchange rate system where a countrys exchange rate is pegged (i. e. fixed) in relation to another currency. The official rate may be changed from time to time. Credit Risk The risk that a debtor will not repay more specifically the risk that the counterparty does not have the currency promised to be delivered. Cross Deal A foreign exchange deal entered into involving two currencies, neither of which is the base currency. Cross Hedge A technique using financial futures to hedge different but related cash instruments based on the view that the price movements between the instruments move in concert. Cross Rate An exchange rate between two currencies, usually constructed from the individual exchange rates of the two currencies, as most currencies are quoted against the dollar. Cross-Trade A cross-trade transaction is a transaction where either the buy broker and the sell broker are the same, or the buy broker and the sell broker belong to the same firm. Currency The type of money that a country uses. It can be traded for other currencies on the foreign exchange market, so each currency has a value relative to another. Currency Basket Various weightings of other currencies grouped together in relation to a basket currency (e. g. ECU or SDR). Sometimes used by currencies to fix their rate often on a trade weighted basket. Current Account The net balance of a countrys international payment arising from exports and imports together with unilateral transfers such as aid and migrant remittances. It excludes capital flows. Current Balance The value of all exports (goods plus services) less all imports of a country over a specific period of time, equal to the sum of trade and invisible balances plus net receipt of interest, profits and dividends from abroad. Cycle The set of expiration dates applicable to different classes of option Day Order An order that if not executed on the specific day is automatically canceled. Day Trading A Day Trading deal is a currency exchange deal which renews automatically every night at 22:00 (GMT time) starting the day the deal was made and until it ends. The deal ends in one of the following events: 1.Termination initiated by you. 2.The day trading rate has reached the Stop-Loss or Take Profit rate you predefined. 3.The deal end date. As long as the deal is open, it is charged a renewal fee every night at 22:00 (GMT time). Deal Date The date on which a transaction is agreed upon. Deal Ticket The primary method of recording the basic information relating to a transaction. Dealer An individual or firm acting as a principal, rather than as an agent, in the purchase and or sale of securities. Dealers trade for their own account and risk in contrast to the brokers who trade only on behalf of their clients. Declaration Date The latest day or time by which the buyer of an option must intimate to the seller his willingness or unwillingness to exercise the option. Deficit Shortfall in the balance of trade, balance of payments, or government budgets. Delivery The settlement of a transaction by receipt or tender of a financial instrument or currency. Delivery Date The date of maturity of the contract, when the final settlement of transaction is made by exchanging the currencies. This date is more commonly known as the value date. Delivery Risk A term to describe when a counterparty will not be able to complete his side of the deal. This risk is very high in case of over the counter transactions where there is no exchange which can stand as a guarantee to the trade between the two parties to the contract. Delta The ratio comparing the change in the price of the underlying asset to the corresponding change in the price of a derivative. Also referred as the hedge ratio. Delta Hedging A method used by option writers to hedge risk exposure of written options by purchase or sale of the underlying instrument in proportion to the delta. Delta Spread A ratio spread of options established as a neutral position by using the deltas of the options concerned to determine the hedge ratio. Derivatives A broad term relating to risk management instruments such as futures, options, swaps, etc. The contract value moves in relation to the underlying instrument or currency. The issue of derivatives and their control following large losses by banks and corporates has been subject of much debate. Desk Term referring to a group dealing with a specific currency or currencies. Details All the information required to finalize a foreign exchange transaction, i. e. name, rate, dates, and point of delivery. Devaluation Deliberate downward adjustment of a currency against its fixed parities or bands which is normally accompanied by formal announcement. Direct Quotation Quoting in fixed units of foreign currency against variable amounts of the domestic currency. Discount Less than the spot price. For example, forward discount. Discount Rate The rate at which a bill is discounted. Specifically it refers to the rate at which a central bank is prepared to discount certain bills for financial institutions as a means of easing their liquidity, and is more accurately referred to as the official discount rate Domestic Rates The interest rates applicable to deposits domiciled in the country of origin. Value and values may vary from Eurodeposits due to taxation and varying market practices. Economic Indicator A statistic which indicates current economic growth rates and trends such as retail sales and employment. ECU - European Currency Unit A basket of the member currencies. As a composite unit, the ECU consists of all the European Community currencies, which are individually weighted. It was created by the European Monetary System with the eventual goal of replacing the individual European member currencies. Effective Exchange Rate An attempt to summarize the effects on a countrys trade balance of its currencys changes against other currencies. Either Way Market In the Euro Interbank deposit market where both bid and offer rates for a particular period are the same. Epsilon The change in the price of an option associated with a 1 change in implied volatility (technically the first derivative of the option price with respect to volatility). Also referred to as eta, vega, omega and kappa. Euro Clear A computerized settlement and depository system for safe custody, delivery of, and payment for Eurobonds. European Union The group formerly known as the European Community. Exchange Rate Risk The potential loss that could be incurred from an adverse movement in exchange rates. Exercise Price (Strike Price) The price at which an option can be exercised. Exotic A less broadly traded currency. Expiration Date (1) Options - the last date after which the option can no longer be exercised. (2) Bonds - the date on which a bond matures. Expiration Month The month in which an option expires. Expiry Date The last date on which an option can be bought or sold. Expiry Date The last day on which the holder of an option can exercise his right to buy or sell the underlying security. Exposure The total amount of money loaned to a borrower or country. Banks set rules to prevent overexposure to any single borrower. In trading operations, it is the potential for running a profit or loss from fluctuations in market prices. Fast Market Rapid movement in a market caused by strong interest by buyers andor sellers. In such circumstances price levels may be omitted and bid and offer quotations may occur too rapidly to be fully reported. Fed The United States Federal Reserve. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Membership is compulsory for Federal Reserve members. The corporation had deep involvement in the Savings and Loans crisis of the late 80s. Fed Fund Rate The interest rate on Fed funds. This is a closely watched short term interest rate as it signals the Feds view as to the state of the money supply. Fed Funds Cash balances held by banks with their local Federal Reserve Bank. The normal transaction with these funds is an inter bank sale of a Fed fund deposit for one business day. Straight deals are where the funds are traded overnight on a unsecured basis. FEDAI Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India is an association of all dealers in foreign exchange which sets the ground rules for fixation of commissions and other charges and also determines the rules and regulations relating to day-to-day transactions in foreign exchange in India. Federal National Mortgage Association A privately owned but US government sponsored corporation that trades in residential mortgages. Its activities are funded by the sale of instruments commonly known as Fannie Maes. Federal Reserve Board The board of the Federal Reserve System, appointed by the US President for 14 year terms, one of whom is appointed for four years as chairman. Federal Reserve System The central banking system of the US comprising 12 Federal Reserve Banks controlling 12 districts under the Federal Reserve Board. Membership of the Fed is compulsory for banks chartered by the Comptroller of Currency and optional for state chartered banks. Fiscal Policy Use of taxation as a tool in implementing monetary policy. Fixed Exchange Rate Official rate set by monetary authorities for one or more currencies. In practice, even fixed exchange rates are allowed to fluctuate between definite upper and lower bands, leading to intervention by the central bank. Fixing A method of determining rates by normally finding a rate that balances buyers to sellers. وتحدث هذه العملية إما مرة أو مرتين يوميا في أوقات محددة. Used by some currencies particularly for establishing tourist rates. The system is also used in the London Bullion market. فلاتسكوير حيث لم يتداول العميل في تلك العملة أو حيث يتم عكس صفقة سابقة وبالتالي خلق موقف محايد (شقة). example: you bought 500,000 then sold 500,000 FLAT . Float (1) see Floating exchange rate. (2) Cash in hand or in the course of being transferred between banks (3) Federal Reserve Float arises from the system where cheques sent to the Federal Reserve Banks are credited sometimes in advance of the depositing bank loosening the reserve. Floating Exchange Rate When the value of a currency is decided by the market forces dictating the demand and supply of that particular currency. Floor (1) An agreement with a counterparty that sets a lower limit to interest rates for the floor buyer for a stated time. (2) A term for an exchanges trading area (cf. screen based trading), normally the trading area is referred to as a pit in the commodities and futures markets. FOMC Federal Open Market Committee, the committee that sets money supply targets in the US which tend to be implemented through Fed Fund interest rates etc. Foreign Exchange The purchase or sale of a currency against sale or purchase of another. Foreign Position It means a position under which one party agrees to purchase from or sell to the other party an agreed amount of foreign currency. Forex An abbreviation of foreign exchange Forex Deal The purchase or sale of a currency against sale or purchase of another currency. The maximum time for a deal is defined when the deal opens, the deal can be closed at any moment until the expiry date and time. A deal cannot be closed on its first 3 minutes, due to technical reasons. Forward Contract Sometimes used as synonym for forward deal or future. More specifically for arrangements with the same effect as a forward deal between a bank and a customer. Forward Cover Taking Forward contracts to protect against movements in the exchange rate. Forward Deal A deal with a value date greater than the spot value date. النقاط الآجلة الفرق في أسعار الفائدة بين عملتين معبرا عنهما بنقاط سعر الصرف. The forward points are added to or subtracted from the spot rate to give the forward or outright rate depending on whether the currency is at a forward premium or discount. Forward Rate The rate at which a foreign exchange contract is struck today for settlement at a specified future date which is decided at the time of entering into the contract. The decision to subtract or add points is determined by the differential between the deposit rates for both currencies concerned in the transaction. The base currency with the higher interest rate is said to be at a discount to the lower interest rate quoted currency in the forward market. Therefore the forward points are subtracted from the spot rate. Similarly, the lower interest rate base currency is said to be at a premium, and the forward points are added to the spot rate to obtain the forward rate. Free Reserves Total reserves held by a bank less the reserves required by the authority. Front Office The activities carried out by the dealer, normal trading activities. Fundamental Analysis Analysis based on economic and political factors. Fundamentals The macro economic factors that are accepted as forming the foundation for the relative value of a currency, these include inflation, growth, trade balance, government deficit, and interest rates. Funds A term for USDCADFungibles Instruments that are equivalent, substitutable and interchangeable in law. May apply to certain exchange traded currency contracts offered on a number of exchanges. Futures Contract A contract traded on a futures exchange which requires the delivery of a specified quality and quantity of a commodity, currency or financial instruments a specified future month, if not liquidated before the contract matures. Futures Exchange-Traded Contracts They are firm agreements to deliver (or take delivery of) a standardized amount of something on a certain date at a predetermined price. Futures exist in currencies, money market deposits, bonds, shares and commodities. They are traded on an exchange with the clearing corporation gauranteeing the contract and moreover the trade is done on a mark to market basis. G10 G7 plus Belgium, Netherlands and Sweden, a group associated with IMF discussions. Switzerland is sometimes peripherally involved. G5 The five leading industrial countries - US, Germany, Japan, France, UK. G7 The seven leading industrial countries, being US. Germany, Japan, France, UK, Canada, Italy. Gamma The rate at which a delta changes over time or for one unit change in the price of the underlying asset. GNP Deflator Removes inflation from the GNP figure. Usually expressed as a percentage and based on an index figure. GNP Gap The difference between the actual real GNP and the potential real GNP. If the gap is negative an economy is overheated. Gold Standard The original system for supporting the value of currency issued. This system was in vogue before 1973 when the fixed exchange rates were prevalent. Gross Domestic Product Total value of a countrys output, income or expenditure produced within the countrys physical borders. Gross National Product Gross domestic product plus factor income from abroad - income earned from investment or work abroad. GTC Good Till Cancelled An order left with a dealer to buy or sell at a fixed price. The order remains in place until it is cancelled by the client. العملة الصعبة عملة من المتوقع أن تظل قيمتها مستقرة أو تزداد من حيث العملات الأخرى. Head and Shoulders A pattern in price trends which chartist consider indicates a price trend reversal. The price has risen for some time, at the peak of the left shoulder, profit taking has caused the price to drop or level. The price then rises steeply again to the head before more profit taking causes the the price to drop to around the same level as the shoulder. A further modest rise or level will indicate that a further major fall is imminent. The breach of the neckline is the indication to sell. Hedge The purchase or sale of options or futures contracts as a temporary substitute for a transaction to be made at a later date. Usually it involves opposite positions in the cash or futures or options market. Hedging A hedging transaction is one whose main aim is to protect an asset or liability against a fluctuation in the foreign exchange rate rather than profit from the exchange rate fluctuations. Hyperinflation Very high and self sustaining inflation levels. One definition being the period while inflation exceeds 50 until it drops below that level for 12 months. ICCH International Commodities Clearing House Limited, a clearing house based in London operating world wide for many futures markets. IFEMA International Foreign Exchange Master Agreement. IMF International Monetary Fund, established in 1946 to provide international liquidity on a short and medium term and encourage liberalization of exchange rates. The IMF helps its members to tide over the balance of payments problems with supplying the necessary loans. IMM International Monetary Market part of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange that lists a number of currency and financial futures. Implied Rates The interest rate determined by calculating the difference between spot and forward rates. Inconvertible Currency Currency which cannot be exchanged for other currencies either because it is forbidden by the foreign exchange regulations or the currency witnesses extreme volatility that it is not perceived to be a safe haven for parking the funds. Indicative Quote A market-makers price which is not firm. Indirect quote Where the foreign currency is a variable amount and the domestic currency is fixed at one unit. Inflation Continued rise in the general price level in conjunction with a related drop in purchasing power. Sometimes referred to as an excessive movement in such price levels. Info Quote Rate given for information purposes only. Initial Margin The deposit required by the Broker before a client can tradetransact a deal to have some cushion in the event of default by the party. Interbank Rates The forex rates large international banks quote to other large international banks. Normally the public and other businesses do not have access to these rates. Interest Rate Risk The potential for losses arising from changes in interest rates Interest Rate Swaps An agreement to exchange interest rate exposures from floating to fixed or vice versa. There is no swap of the principal. The principal amount is notional as at the end of the tenure only cash flows related with the interest payments (whether payment or reciept) are exchanged. Intervention Action by a central bank to effect the value of its currency by entering the market. In-the-Money A call option is in-the-money if the price of the underlying instrument is higher than the exercisestrike price. A put option is in-the-money if the price of the underlying instrument is below the exercisestrike price. Intra Day Limit Limit set by bank management on the size of each dealers Intra Day Position. Intra Day Position Open positions run by a dealer within the day. Usually squared by the close. IOM Index and Options Market part of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. IPI Industrial Production Index. A coincident indicator measuring physical output of manufacturing, mining and utilities. ISDA (International Securities Dealers Association Organization which foreign currency exchange banks have formed to regulate inter-bank markets and exchanges. J Curve A term describing the expected effect of a devaluation on a countrys trade balance. It is anticipated that import bills rise before export orders and receipts increase. Kiwi Slang for the New Zealand dollar. Knock In A process where a barrier option (European) becomes active as the underlying spot price is in the money. Knock Out has a corresponding meaning although the option may permanently cease to exist. Lay Off To carry out a transaction in the market to offset a previous transaction and return to a square position. LDC Less developed countries, often used with respect to secondary debt market. Leading Indicators Statistics that are considered to precede changes in economic growth rates and total business activity, e. g. factory orders. Leads and Lags The effect on foreign trade payments of an anticipated move in the exchange rate, normally a devaluation. The importers speeden up the payment for the imports and exporters delay recieving payment for the exports. Liability In terms of foreign exchange, the obligation to deliver to a counterparty an amount of currency either in respect of a balance sheet holding at a specified future date or in respect of an un-matured forward or spot transaction. LIBOR (London Inter Bank Offer Rate) British Bankers Association average of interbank offered rates for dollar deposits in the London market based on quotations at 16 major banks. Effective rate for contracts entered into two days from date appearing. LIFFE London International Financial Futures Exchange. Limit Order 8211 Reserved Day Trading Deal An order to perform a Day Trading deal at a rate pre-defined by the customer, when and if such rate comes up in real market time. The Limit rate is superior to the existing rate at the time of reservation. The reservation order lasts for a period defined by the customer, and is associated by the necessary collaterals to facilitate the potential Day Trading deal, when and if activated, under the pre-defined terms. Limited Convertibility When residents of a country are prohibited from buying other currencies even though non-residents may be completely free to buy or sell the national currency and the foreign institutional investors also have the liberty to buy and sell shares on the stock exchange of that country. Liquidation Any transaction that offsets or closes out a previously established position. Liquidity The ability of a market to accept large transactions without having any major impact on the interest rates. Long A market position where the Client has bought a currency they previously did not own. For example: long Dollars. M0 Cash in circulation. Only used by the UK. M1 Cash in circulation plus demand deposits at commercial banks. There are variations between the precise definitions used by national financial authorities. M2 Includes demand deposits, time deposits and money market mutual funds excluding large CDs. M3 In the UK it is M1 plus public and private sector time deposits and sight deposits held by the public sector. M4 In the US it is M2 plus negotiable CDs. Make a Market A dealer is said to make a market when he quotes both the bid and offer prices at which he stands ready to buy and sell. Managed Float When the monetary authorities intervene regularly in the market to stabilise the rates or to push the exchange rate in a required direction. Also called a dirty float. Margin Collateral that the holder of a position in securities, options, Forex or futures contracts, has to deposit to cover the credit risk of his counterparty. Other definitions to MARGIN, used in other areas are: (1) Difference between the buying and selling rates, also used to indicate the discount or premium between spot or forward. (2) For options, the sum required as collateral from the writer of an option. (3) For futures, a deposit made to the clearing house on establishing a futures position account. (4) The percentage reserve required by the US Federal Reserve to make an initial credit transaction. Margin Call A demand for additional funds to cover positions Marginal Risk The risk that a customer goes bankrupt after entering into a forward contract. In such an event the issuer must close the commitment running the risk of having to pay the marginal movement on the contract. Mark - To - Market The profits andor losses are tallied at the end of the session according to the closing prices of the security and the account is marked to the market daily. وسوف يطلب من الحزب أن يحقق خسائر جيدة في حالة حدوث حركة سلبية في الأسعار، ويمكنه أن يحجز الأرباح في حال كانت هناك حركة إيجابية في الأسعار. Market Value Market value of a forex position at any time is the amount of the domestic currency that could be purchased at the then market rate in exchange for the amount of foreign currency to be delivered under the forex Contract. Maturity Date for settlement of the transaction which is decided at the time of entering into the contract. MITI Japanese Ministry of International Trade amp Industry. Money Supply The amount of money in the economy, which can be measured in a number of ways. Mutual fund An open-end investment company. Equivalent to unit trust. Nickel US term for five basis points. Nostro Account A foreign currency current account maintained with another bank. The account is used to receive and pay currency assets and liabilities denominated in the currency of the country in which the bank is resident. Not Held Basis Order An order whereby the price may trade through or better than the clients desired level, but the principal is not held responsible if the order is not executed. Note A financial instrument consisting of a promise to pay rather than an order to pay or a certificate of indebtedness. العرض السعر الذي يكون فيه الوكيل على استعداد لبيع العملة الأساسية. Official Settlements Account A US balance of payments measure based on movement of dollars in foreign official holdings and US reserves. Also referred to as reserve transaction account. Off-Shore The operations of a financial institution which although physically located in a country, has little connection with that countrys financial systems. In certain countries a bank is not permitted to do business in the domestic market but only with other foreign banks. This is known as an off shore banking unit. Old Lady Old lady of Threadneedle Street, a term for the Bank of England. One Cancels Other Order Where the execution of one order automatically cancels a previous order also referred to as OCO or One cancels the other. Open Market Operations The central bank operations in the markets to influence exchange and interest rates. المركز المفتوح أي صفقة لم يتم تسويتها عن طريق الدفع المادي أو عكسها بصفقة متساوية وعكسية لنفس تاريخ القيمة. It can be termed as a high risk, high return proposition. Option A contract conferring the right but not the obligation to buy (call) or to sell (put) a specified amount of an instrument at a specified price within a predetermined time period. Option Class All options of the same type - calls or puts - listed on the same underlying instrument. Option Series All options of the same class having the same exercisestrike price and expiration date. Out-of-the-Money A put option is out-of-the-money if the exercisestrike price is below the price of the underlying instrument. A call option is out-of-the money if the exercisestrike price is higher than the price of the underlying instrument. Outright Deal A forward deal that is not part of a swap operation. Outright Forward Foreign exchange transaction involving either the purchase or the sale of a currency for settlement at a future date. Outright Rate The forward rate of a foreign exchange deal based on spot price plus forward discountpremium. Over The Counter (OTC) A market conducted directly between dealers and principals via a telephone and computer network rather than a regulated exchange trading floor. هذه الأسواق لم تحظ بشعبية كبيرة بسبب المخاطر التي يواجهها الطرفان في حالة فشل الطرف الآخر في الوفاء بالعقد. ولم يكنوا أبدا جزءا من البورصة حيث اعتبروها غير رسمية. Overheated (Economy) Is an economy on a high growth rate trajectory placing pressure on the production capacity resulting in increased inflationary pressures and higher interest rates. Overnight Limit Net long or short position in one or more currencies that a dealer can carry over into the next dealing day. Passing the book to other bank dealing rooms in the next trading time zone reduces the need for dealers to maintain these unmonitored exposures. Package Deal When a number of exchange and or deposit orders have to be fulfilled simultaneously. Par (1) The nominal value of a security or instrument. (2) The official value of a currency. Parities The value of one currency in terms of another. Parity (1) Foreign exchange dealers slang for your price is the correct market price. (2) Official rates in terms of SDR or other pegging currency. Permitted Currency It means a foreign currency which is freely convertible i. e a currency which is permitted by the rules and regulations of the country concerned to be converted into major reserve currencies and for which a fairly active and liquid market exists for dealing against the major currencies. Point (1) 100th part of a per cent, normally 10,000 of any spot rate. Movement of exchange rates are usually in terms of points. (2) One percent on an interest rate e. g. from 8-9. (3) Minimum fluctuation or smallest increment of price movement. Political Risk The potential for losses arising from a change in government policy or due to the risk of expropriation (nationalisation by the government ). Position The netted total exposure in a given currency. A position can be either flat or square (no exposure), long (more currency bought than sold), or short ( more currency sold than bought). PPI Producer Price Indices. See wholesale price indices. Premium (1) The amount by which a forward rate exceeds a spot rate. (2) The amount by which the market price of a bond exceeds its par value. (3) Options, the price a put or call buyer must pay to a put or call seller for an option contract. (4) The margin paid above the normal price level. Prime Rate (1) The rate from which lending rates by banks are calculated in the US. (2) The rate of discount of prime bank bills in the UK. Principal A dealer who buys or sells stock for hisher own account. Profit Taking The unwinding of a position to realize profits. Purchasing Power Parity Model of exchange rate determination stating that the price of a good in one country should equal the price of the same good in another country after adjusting for the changes in the price due to the change in exchange rate. Also known as the law of one price. Put Call Parity The equilibrium relationship between premiums of call and put options of the same strike and expiry. Put Option A put option confers the right but not the obligation to sell currencies, instruments or futures at the option exercise price within a predetermined time period. Quote An indicative price. The price quoted for information purposes but not to deal. Range The difference between the highest and lowest price of a future recorded during a given trading session. Rate The price of one currency in terms of another. It has the same meaning as the term parities. Recession A decline in business activity. Often defined as two consecutive quarters with a real fall in GNP. Reserve Currency A currency held by a central bank on a permanent basis as a store of international liquidity, these are normally Dollar, Deutschemark, and Sterling.. Reserves Funds held against future contingencies, normally a combination of convertible foreign currency, gold, and SDRs. Official reserves are to ensure that a government can meet near term obligations. They are an asset in the balance of payments. Resistance A price level at which the selling is expected to take place. Retail Price Index Measurement of the monthly change in the average level of prices at retail, normally of a defined group of goods. Reuter Dealing A system for screen based trading that has been in operation since the early 1980s. It now has a matching optional enhancement known as Dealing 2000-2. Revaluation Increase in the exchange rate of a currency as a result of official action. Risk management The identification and acceptance or offsetting of the risks threatening the profitability or existence of an organisation. With respect to foreign exchange involves, among others, consideration of market, sovereign, country, transfer, delivery, credit, and counterparty risk. Risk Premium Additional sum payable or return to compensate a party for adopting a particular risk. Risks There are risks associated with any market. It means variance of the returns and the possibility that the actual return might not be in line with the expected returns. The risks associated with trading foreign currencies are: market, exchange, Interest rate, yield curve, volatility, liquidity, forced sale, counter party, credit, and country risk. Rolling over The substituting of a far option for a near option of the same underlying stock at the same strikeexercise price. Rollover Where the settlement of a deal is carried forward to another value date based on the interest rate differential of the two currencies example: next day Selling Rate Rate at which a bank is willing to sell foreign currency. Settlement Actual physical exchange of one currency for another. Settlement Date It means the business day specified for delivery of the currencies bought and sold under a forex contract. باختصار وضع السوق حيث قام العميل ببيع عملة لا يملكها بالفعل. Usually expressed in base currency terms. SITC Standard International Trade Classification. A system for reporting trade statistics in a common manner. SOFFEX Swiss Options and Financial Futures Exchange, a fully automated and integrated trading and clearing system. Soft Market More potential sellers than buyers, which creates an environment where rapid price falls are likely. Spot (1) The most common foreign exchange transaction. (2) Spot refers to the buying and selling of the currency where the settlement date is two business days forward. Spot Next The overnight swap from the spot date to the next business day. Spot PriceRate The price at which the currency is currently trading in the spot market. Spread (1) The difference between the bid and ask price of a currency. (2) The difference between the price of two related futures contracts. (3) For options, transactions involving two or more option series on the same underlying currency. Stable Market An active market which can absorb large sale or purchases of currency without having any major impact on the interest rates. Stagflation Recession or low growth in conjunction with high inflation rates. Standard and Poors (SampP) A US firm engaged in assessing the financial health of borrowers. The firm also has generated certain stock indices i. e. SampP 500. Sterilization Central Bank activity in the domestic money market to reduce the impact on money supply of its intervention activities in the forex market. Sterling British pound, otherwise known as cable. Stop Loss Order Order given to ensure that, should a currency weaken by a certain percentage, a short position will be covered even though this involves taking a loss. Realize profit orders are less common. Stop Out Price US term for the lowest accepted price for Treasury Bills at auction. Straddle The simultaneous purchasesale of both call and put options for the same share, exercisestrike price and expiry date. Strike Price Also called exercise price. The price at which an option holder can buy or sell the underlying instrument. Strip A combination of two puts and one call. Structural Unemployment Unemployment levels inherent in an economic structure. Support Levels A price level at which the buying is expected to take place. Swap The simultaneous purchase and sale of the same amount of a given currency for two different dates, against the sale and purchase of another. A swap can be a swap against a forward. In essence, swapping is somewhat similar to borrowing one currency and lending another for the same period. However, any rate of return or cost of funds is expressed in the price differential between the two sides of the transaction. Swift Society for Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Telecommunication is a clearing system for international trading. Swissy Market slang for Swiss Franc. Technical Analysis The study of the price that reflects the supply and demand factors of a currency. Common methods are flags, trend-lines spikes, bottoms, tops, pennants, patterns and gaps. Technical Correction An adjustment to price not based on market sentiment but technical factors such as volume and charting. Terms of Trade The ratio between export and import price indices. Theta A measure of the sensitivity of the price of an option to a change in its time to expiry. Thin Market A market in which trading volume is low and in which consequently bid and ask quotes are wide and the liquidity of the instrument traded is low. TIBOR Tokyo Inter-bank Offered Rate. Tick A minimum change in price, up or down. TIFFE Tokio International Financial Futures Exchange. Tomorrow Next (Tom next) Simultaneous buying and selling of a currency for delivery the following day and selling for the next day or vice versa. Trade Date The date on which a trade occurs. Tranche A portion of a deal or structured financing, specifically used for borrowings from the IMF. Transaction The buying or selling of securities resulting from the execution of an order. Transaction Date The date on which a trade occurs. Transaction Exposure Potential profit and loss generated by current foreign exchange transactions Under-Valuation An exchange rate is normally considered to be undervalued when it is below its purchasing power parity. Value Date For exchange contracts it is the day on which the two contracting parties exchange the currencies which are being bought or sold. For a spot transaction it is two business banking days forward in the country of the bank providing quotations which determine the spot value date. Value Spot Normally settlement is for two working days from the date the contract is entered into. Value Today Transaction is executed for same day settlement sometimes also referred to as cash transaction. Vanilla A simple option whose terms and conditions do not include any provisions other than exercise style, expiry and strike. To compare with exotic options which have additional terms. Variation Margin Funds required to be deposited by a client when a price movement has caused funds to fall below the stipulated percentage of the value of the contract. Vega Expresses the price change of an option for a one per cent change in the implied volatility. Velocity of Money The speed with which money circulates or turnover in the economy. It is calculated as the annual national income: average money stock in the period. Volatility A measure of the amount by which an asset price is expected to fluctuate over a given period. Normally measured by the annual standard deviation of daily price changes (historic). Can be implied from futures pricing, implied volatility. Vostro Account A local currency account maintained with a bank by another bank. The term is normally applied to the counterpartys account from which funds may be paid into or withdrawn, as a result of a transaction. Wholesale Money Money borrowed in large amounts from banks and institutions rather than from small investors. Wholesale Price Index It measures changes in prices in the manufacturing and distribution sector of the economy and tends to lead the consumer price index by 60 to 90 days. The index is often quoted separately for food and industrial products. Working day A day on which the banks in a currencys principal financial centre are open for business. For FX transactions, a working day only occurs if the bank in both (all relevant currency centers in the case of a cross) are open. World Bank A bank made up of members of the IMF whose aim is to assist in the development of member states by making loans where private capital is not available. Writer The seller of a position. Also known as the grantor of the trade. Writing a Currency is to sell it. Yield Curve The graph showing changes in yield on instruments depending on time to maturity. A system originally developed in the bond markets is now broadly applied to various financial futures. A positive sloping curve has lower interest rates at the shorter maturities and higher at the longer maturities. A negative sloping curve has higher interest rates at the shorter maturities. Z-Certificate Certificate issued by the Bank of England to discount houses in lieu of stock certificates to facilitate their dealing in the short dated gilt edge securities. Zero Coupon Bond A bond that pays no interest. The bond is initially offered at a discount to its redemption value. 1- First of all, you should know what is Forex, Margin, Spread and leverage, and the idea of buying and selling thus to know Forex as profession. 2. After you recognize all these concepts and programs of trading companies and chart you may wanna know, you must know the best programs and learn how to manage them. Dont move to the second stage of technical analysis unless you learn how to handle two types of programs: exchange program of at least one company - I advise you with fxcm. because it is easier, the other is the chart program and how to put pointers and indicators on, here I advise you with the stronger MetaTrader . 3- After learning how to deal with such programs, move to the stage of technical analysis, this kind of analysis is divided into two kinds: -- Technical indicators : These learned one by one, dont leave indicator to another until you have some training on it, and know entry and exits signals, its settings and its classifications - for example, stochastic indicator fluctuation and selling points at the top and a plot line and the 80 census, also its used in meta entry in the event of fluctuation 8230 etc. The indicators in Forex are these: The Japanese candles, MACD, stochastic, the ADx, the RSI, Momentum, trend lines, lines of support, resistance, Fibonacci, models and models reflective, Bollinger bands, and moving averages of all kinds. -- Strategies: It is the science of merge two or more indicators in substantive way to determine the best entry and exit points and Stop, you will get into this stage after you have a good background of the entire indicators on Forex. 4- After the step of strategies, begin to experience and work with demo for a while not less than the 7 months at the earliest strategies you chose to begin trading, do not get into real trading until your trading behaves has been confiscated. 5- Draw a plan for managing your goods, risk management and committ strictly in both of Demo and real states. 6- Selecting a company to trade through, here I can tell you that after all these steps you will not find it difficult to determine the appropriate company. 7- In this step, you can go ahead with real rational account, that is not all of your wealth, but a extra calculated amount for a start. Dealing With 10 Coworker Personality Conflicts In an ideal world, you get to work in a palatial, heavenly setting while you pursue your professional dreams of being CFO, controller, investment banking managing director, or private equity partner. Saint Peter (better known as human resources) lets you pass through the pearly gates with ease during interviews and you can treasure your professional lifestyle living in the clouds. You are constantly fed fresh grapes and berries as you sit on your golden rocking chair contemplating whether to give the green light on multimillion dollar projects. In reality, your workplace is one place where people can be nasty, difficult, dysfunctional and downright brutish - and you still have to deal with them in a calm and professional manner. If this sounds like something you are dealing with - and quitting isnt an option - well help you get through these 10 common coworker dysfunctions to help you bring a little bit of heaven back down to earth. Arrogance is the byproduct of unhealthy levels of pride and ego. In technical fields such as finance and accounting. it is imperative that professionals continuously learn new things and increase their knowledge base. Finance professionals also need to get along with a wide audience within the company, because they collect data and reports from a diverse set of groups. Warning signs of arrogance include: The tendency to waste peoples time by pontificating Looking for criteria other than business performance as a measuring device with peers (such as tenure, academic pedigree and prestige of career titles) Habitually putting people down in order to artificially prop oneself up Blatant disregard for the feelings of others, showing lack of maturity and emotional intelligence Foul language, short sightedness and lack of tact If you are arrogant, this puts a mental and psychological block on your mind that prevents you from learning important new data. After all, you already think so highly of yourself, why should you need to improve How do you know that you have too much ego Your level of confidence should be in proportion to the amount of preparation that you have put in. Dealing with arrogant people takes a lot of patience and a great deal of self-control. Learning to identify the people who have this trait and avoiding them as much as possible will protect your own reputation, whereas confronting the arrogant person may only make you look worse. When there is a nasty corporate culture of one-upmanship, colleagues are constantly trying to cut each other down, like a roving lawnmower slicing up blades of grass. Reveal a few things in your personal life, and it may be used against you by way of biting remarks. Engage in petty small talk and you might be looked down upon as the unfocused bimbo of the bunch. In the finance department, youll see plenty of qualified people, and that alone can create an unusually competitive atmosphere. especially if there are low levels of trust and teamwork. How do you know there are unhealthy levels of posturing within your group Disdain between coworkers, fakeness between peers, constant back stabbings (such as people taking credit for others work) and petty posturing during meetings are signs of this common office dysfunction. People exaggerate their accomplishments, pad their resumes and pretend to have a frantic pace (when moving around the office) in a pathetic attempt to portray themselves as busy rising stars to the CFO. You have two choices: get the heck out of there or, just as nobly, focus on over-delivering. Because, as the saying goes, Strive to be great, but remember to be good. At the end of the day, business results and performance are the only real sources of credibility. 3. Irritability and Unnecessary Short Fuses In finance, there is a need for constant exchanges of accurate, relevant and timely operational, financial and accounting information. Unnecessarily short fuses reduce or prevent this flow of information. Irritability is a barrier to people doing their jobs. When people blow up or dish out nasty stares, coworkers and peers soon hesitate to raise important questions or request clarifications. When this happens, the quality of financial reporting suffers due to incomplete or inaccurate data. If someone does something bad to you (i. e. cuts you down at a meeting or spreads unfair rumors about you in an attempt to torpedo your career), take it up with that particular person first. Do not take it out on everyone else by lashing out at people who need information from you. When principles are not at stake, be a pleasure to work with. Finally, in some finance settings, there is a highly delusional misconception that if you project yourself as a macho creature, then others will regard you as an important person or a high-caliber individual. However, without these observers seeing impressive, credible and sustained results out of you, you merely have the idiot label stamped in bold, red letters on your forehead. 4. Fakeness: Inauthentic Relationships and Hidden Motives Being authentic is an important underpinning of effective leadership. People want to know that you say what you mean and you mean what you say. Finance will have many accomplished people working under its banner and some of them will not be entirely genuine. A department with low levels of trust resembles a royal court filled with scheming sycophants, not a professionalized outfit with dedicated finance and accounting staff. In the real world, certain people will always have hidden agendas and motivations. While good friendships will help the workplace setting be more enjoyable, the wise professional will have to be discerning in choosing who his or her friends are. As George Washington said, Be courteous to all, but intimate with few, and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence. Procrastination is a symptom of overconfidence, apathy or lack of focus. Smart people with a solid track record at school and at prior work experiences may come to believe that they can always step things up at the right time and can afford slacking off here and there. However, complacency lowers your personal productivity and the productivity of your team. If you work in finance or accounting, people depend on you to provide accurate information in an efficient manner so that they can process their own work. A single bottleneck has the ability to shut down the workflows of multiple people. Workers who have grown apathetic at their jobs, or who have lost focus (i. e. their personal life is interfering with their ability to execute at work) also tend to procrastinate. Some have found their particular job to be dull, and procrastination becomes the thrill-seekers way of getting a rush out of attempting to finish a work project in highly condensed time frames. Quality of work is the first casualty and the procrastinators job quickly becomes the second. Finance and accounting professionals work with numbers most of the time - high dollar amounts that represent hard cash, securities or illiquid assets on a balance sheet. Dealing with money all day makes some in this line of work think that they have a lot of money. Most of the professionals waking hours are spent on left-brained processes and rational thinking, and many finance professionals turn off the switch to reason, logic and prudence when they leave the office for the day. By night, you see their transformation into the spendthrift werewolf, howling at overly expensive sports cars (above their pay grade), or worse, at models and bottles. The competitive atmosphere in finance can spill over outside of work, where coworkers compete to have the latest sports car, expensive watches, lavish travels and lush apartments. Finance professionals also want to uphold a certain image of success that their pay grade cannot afford, which is sometimes referred to as drinking champagne on a beer budget. Wasteful spending among finance professionals only makes the workplace even more unnecessarily competitive you have high income earners who are constantly broke, fighting for every scrap and crumb of bonus in the bonus pool. If you can exhibit the control you use to advise your clients, some of this he who dies with the most toys wins attitude will die down at the office and your bank account will only grow. The saboteur of the group takes competitiveness to a truly dysfunctional level. There can be various motivations for sabotaging a teams or departments efforts. For example, the saboteur may want to see others fail and, thereby, increase his or her relative standing (and compensation) within the group. Saboteurs may also strike in order to protect their own jobs. They will do harm to documents and databases in order to create more work for themselves, which they hope insulates them from being fired or laid off. Or, they may harbor a secret disdain toward their boss, peers or company, as they may have been passed over for promotion, bonuses or an attractive transfer. Whatever the reason, saboteurs tend to be highly selfish individuals. There isnt much you can do to protect yourself from these saboteurs, except to keep on top of your work and to be conscious of these people. The selfish trait is picked up by good managers, and saboteurs are often passed for promotions because more focused peers are concentrating on how they can continually increase their contributions to the company. In the end, the saboteur only hurts himself. The basis for a fulfilling and rewarding career is the opportunity to do your best to serve others in the line of work that is right for you. This is often found in a profession that you enjoy. In finance and accounting, there is a tendency to covet another persons position simply because of title, salary or added responsibility. Often, the person coveting the role only has a minimal understanding of the significantly greater burden or skill sets needed to properly execute the duties of the coveted role. The one who covets tends to only look at the benefits, such as higher salary. However, professionals who find fulfillment with their line of work take ownership of their careers and are team players. They know that no single person can run an entire department or organization. Professionals who covet someone elses job or title are more likely to be unhappy at work. If you work with a green-eyed wonder, dont fret. There are many ways to encourage this downer individual by offering praise or complimenting their current work, responsibilities and position. If youre this person, then take a moment to enjoy the fact that you have less responsibility and are therefore free to enjoy your weekends without bringing the stress of work home. Finance and accounting professionals have to exercise a healthy level of professional skepticism in their line of work. The numbers these professionals deal with every day can be inaccurate, incomplete or irrelevant. The tendency to question data points can be a boon to your job description, but can snowball into a habit of unnecessarily questioning everything. Unhealthy levels of cynicism can lead to others being turned off during social interactions, afraid of the stream of negativity flowing out of the cynics mouth. Others will develop a mental and psychological barrier with the cynic, preventing effective communication in the workplace. The job of the busy finance professional is to successfully juggle both short-term and long-term commitments. With a busy schedule, it is easy to fall into the trap of having unhealthy habits such as no exercise, lack of sleep and bad diet. Pressing priorities lead many professionals to mortgage their future health and become complacent in this important area. And once one coworker starts sliding on this slippery slope, the rest can follow suit. Any individual who is encouraging an unhealthy lifestyle (both at work and in their off-time) will soon reflect the results of those unhealthy choices. Poor health, poor attitude and lack of attention are just a few of the effects of living with killer health habits. Maintaining a good fitness routine, healthy diet and sufficient amounts of sleep is absolutely critical for long-term success and a good quality of life . The good news is that although there may be many dysfunctional coworkers in your workplace or, worse yet, youve identified a few of these evils in your own workplace persona, we all possess free will. So, you can either chose to remove yourself from your workplace situation, or to stay and become a leader by setting a good example to others. The latter is probably the better choice, albeit the harder one. Small steps in this area result in giant leaps toward healthier work environments. وعندما تتجاوز النفقات الإجمالية للحكومة الإيرادات التي تولدها (باستثناء الأموال من القروض). العجز يختلف. بشكل عام، استراتيجية إعلانية يتم فيها الترويج للمنتج في وسائل أخرى غير الراديو والتلفزيون واللوحات الإعلانية والطباعة. وقد صدرت في عام 2018 سلسلة من اللوائح الفيدرالية التي تؤثر في المقام الأول على المؤسسات المالية وعملائها. إدارة المحافظ هو فن وعلم اتخاذ القرارات حول مزيج الاستثمار والسياسة، ومطابقة الاستثمارات ل. إعداد المنزل مريحة حيث الأجهزة والأجهزة يمكن التحكم فيها تلقائيا عن بعد من أي مكان في العالم. استراتيجية اختيار الأسهم التي تتداول بأقل من قيمها الجوهرية. المستثمرون قيمة تسعى بنشاط الأسهم من.
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